LP2986 LP2986 Micropower, 200 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Fixed or Adjustable Voltage Regulator Literature Number: SNVS137G LP2986 Micropower, 200 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Fixed or Adjustable Voltage Regulator General Description Features The LP2986 is a 200 mA precision LDO voltage regulator which offers the designer a higher performance version of the industry standard LP2951. Using an optimized VIPTM (Vertically Integrated PNP) process, the LP2986 delivers superior performance: Dropout Voltage: Typically 180 mV @ 200 mA load, and 1 mV @ 1 mA load. Ground Pin Current: Typically 1 mA @ 200 mA load, and 200 A @ 10 mA load. Sleep Mode: The LP2986 draws less than 1 A quiescent current when shutdown pin is pulled low. Error Flag: The built-in error flag goes low when the output drops approximately 5% below nominal. Precision Output: The standard product versions available can be pin-strapped (using the internal resistive divider) to provide output voltages of 5.0V, 3.3V, or 3.0V with guaranteed accuracy of 0.5% ("A" grade) and 1% (standard grade) at room temperature. Ultra low dropout voltage Guaranteed 200 mA output current SO-8 and mini-SO8 surface mount packages <1 A quiescent current when shutdown Low ground pin current at all loads 0.5% output voltage accuracy ("A" grade) High peak current capability (400 mA typical) Wide supply voltage range (16V max) Overtemperature/overcurrent protection -40C to +125C junction temperature range Applications Cellular Phone Palmtop/Laptop Computer Camcorder, Personal Stereo, Camera Block Diagram 1293501 VIPTM is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. (c) 2011 National Semiconductor Corporation 12935 www.national.com LP2986 Micropower, 200 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Fixed or Adjustable Voltage Regulator January 19, 2010 LP2986 Connection Diagrams 8-Lead SOIC Narrow Package 1293502 Top View See NS Package Drawing Number M08A 8-Lead Mini-SOIC Package 1293546 Top View See NS Package Drawing Number MUA08A 8-Lead LLP Package 1293543 Top View See NS Package Drawing LDC08A See LLP MOUNTING section www.national.com 2 LP2986 Ordering Information TABLE 1. Package Marking and Ordering Information Output Voltage Grade Order Information Package Marking Supplied as: 5 A LP2986AIMMX-5.0 L41A 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 5 A LP2986AIMM-5.0 L41A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 5 STD LP2986IMMX-5.0 L41B 3500 Units on Tape and Reel Mini SO-8 5 STD LP2986IMM-5.0 L41B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 A LP2986AIMMX-3.3 L40A 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 A LP2986AIMM-3.3 L40A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 STD LP2986IMMX-3.3 L40B 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 STD LP2986IMM-3.3 L40B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 A LP2986AIMMX-3.0 L39A 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 A LP2986AIMM-3.0 L39A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 STD LP2986IMMX-3.0 L39B 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 STD LP2986IMM-3.0 L39B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 5 A LP2986AIMX-5.0 2986AIM5.0 2500 Units on Tape and Reel 5 A LP2986AIM-5.0 2986AIM5.0 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 5 STD LP2986IMX-5.0 2986IM5.0 2500 Units on Tape and Reel SO-8 5 STD LP2986IM-5.0 2986IM5.0 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.3 A LP2986AIMX-3.3 2986AIM3.3 2500 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 A LP2986AIM-3.3 2986AIM3.3 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.3 STD LP2986IMX-3.3 2986IM3.3 2500 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 STD LP2986IM-3.3 2986IM3.3 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.0 A LP2986AIMX-3.0 2986AIM3.0 2500 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 A LP2986AIM-3.0 2986AIM3.0 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.0 STD LP2986IMX-3.0 2986IM3.0 2500 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 STD LP2986IM-3.0 2986IM3.0 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 8-Lead LLP 5 A LP2986AILD-5 L006A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 5 A LP2986AILDX-5 L006A 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 5 STD LP2986ILD-5 L006AB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 5 STD LP2986ILDX-5 L006AB 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 A LP2986AILD-3.3 L005A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 A LP2986AILDX-3.3 L005A 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 STD LP2986ILD-3.3 L005AB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 STD LP2986ILDX-3.3 L005AB 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 A LP2986AILD-3.0 L004A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 A LP2986AILDX-3.0 L004A 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 STD LP2986ILD-3.0 L004AB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3.0 STD LP2986ILDX-3.0 L004AB 4500 Units on Tape and Reel For LP2986 Ordering and Availability Information see: http://www.national.com/mpf/LP/LP2986.html#Order 3 www.national.com LP2986 Input Supply Voltage (Survival) Input Supply Voltage (Operating) Shutdown Pin Feedback Pin Output Voltage (Survival) (Note 4) IOUT (Survival) Input-Output Voltage (Survival) (Note 5) Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Storage Temperature Range Operating Junction Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Soldering, 5 seconds) ESD Rating (Note 2) Power Dissipation (Note 3) -65C to +150C -40C to +125C 260C 2 kV Internally Limited -0.3V to +16V 2.1V to +16V -0.3V to +16V -0.3V to +5V -0.3V to +16V Short Circuit Protected -0.3V to +16V Electrical Characteristics Limits in standard typeface are for T J = 25C, and limits in boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range. Unless otherwise specified: VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, VS/D = 2V. Symbol VO Parameter Output Voltage (5.0V Versions) Output Voltage (3.3V Versions) Output Voltage (3.0V Versions) VIN-VO Conditions Typical 5.0 0.1 mA < IL < 200 mA 5.0 3.3 0.1 mA < IL < 200 mA 3.3 3.0 0.1 mA < IL < 200 mA 3.0 Output Voltage Line Regulation VO(NOM) + 1V VIN 16V Dropout Voltage (Note 7) IL = 100 A Min Max Min Max 4.975 5.025 4.950 5.050 4.960 5.040 4.920 5.080 4.910 5.090 4.860 5.140 3.283 3.317 3.267 3.333 3.274 3.326 3.247 3.353 3.241 3.359 3.208 3.392 2.985 3.015 2.970 3.030 2.976 3.024 2.952 3.048 2.946 3.054 2.916 3.084 0.007 90 IL = 200 mA Ground Pin Current LM2986I-X.X (Note 6) 1 IL = 75 mA IGND LM2986AI-X.X (Note 6) 180 IL = 100 A 100 IL = 75 mA 500 IL = 200 mA 1 VS/D < 0.3V 0.05 0.014 0.014 0.032 0.032 2.0 2.0 3.5 3.5 120 120 170 170 230 230 350 350 120 120 150 150 800 800 1400 1400 2.1 2.1 3.7 3.7 1.5 1.5 Units V %/V mV A mA A IO(PK) Peak Output Current VOUT VO(NOM) - 5% 400 IO(MAX) Short Circuit Current RL = 0 (Steady State) (Note 11) 400 en Output Noise Voltage (RMS) BW = 300 Hz to 50 kHz, COUT = 10 F 160 V(RMS) Ripple Rejection f = 1 kHz, COUT = 10 F 65 dB 20 ppm/C Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient www.national.com (Note 9) 4 250 250 mA Parameter Conditions Typical LM2986AI-X.X (Note 6) LM2986I-X.X (Note 6) Min Max Min Max 1.21 1.25 1.20 1.26 1.20 1.26 1.19 1.27 1.19 1.28 1.18 1.29 Units FEEDBACK PIN VFB Feedback Pin Voltage 1.23 (Note 10) FB Pin Voltage Temperature Coefficient IFB 1.23 (Note 9) 20 Feedback Pin Bias Current IL = 200 mA FB Pin Bias Current Temperature Coefficient ppm/C 150 (Note 9) V 330 330 760 760 nA 0.1 nA/C SHUTDOWN INPUT VS/D IS/D S/D Input Voltage (Note 8) VH = O/P ON 1.4 VL = O/P OFF 0.55 0.18 0.18 S/D Input Current VS/D = 0 0 -1 -1 VS/D = 5V 5 15 15 1 1 2 2 220 220 350 350 1.6 1.6 V A ERROR COMPARATOR IOH VOL Output "HIGH" Leakage Output "LOW" Voltage VTHR (MAX) Upper Threshold Voltage VTHR (MIN) Lower Threshold Voltage HYST Hysteresis VOH = 16V 0.01 VIN = VO(NOM) - 0.5V, IO (COMP) = 300 A 150 -4.6 -6.6 A mV -5.5 -3.5 -5.5 -3.5 -7.7 -2.5 -7.7 -2.5 -8.9 -4.9 -8.9 -4.9 -13.0 -3.3 -13.0 -3.3 %VOUT 2.0 Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device outside of its rated operating conditions. Note 2: The ESD rating of the Feedback pin is 500V. The ESD rating of the VIN pin is 1kV and the Tap pin is 1.5 kV. Note 3: The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, TJ(MAX), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, J -A, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using: The value of J-A for the SO-8 (M) package is 160C/W, and the mini SO-8 (MM) package is 200C/W. The value J-A for the LLP (LD) package is specifically dependent on PCB trace area, trace material, and the number of layers and thermal vias. For improved thermal resistance and power dissipation for the LLP package, refer to Application Note AN-1187. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. Note 4: If used in a dual-supply system where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply, the LM2986 output must be diode-clamped to ground. Note 5: The output PNP structure contains a diode between the V IN and VOUT terminals that is normally reverse-biased. Forcing the output above the input will turn on this diode and may induce a latch-up mode which can damage the part (see Application Hints). Note 6: Limits are 100% production tested at 25C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate National's Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL). Note 7: Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 100 mV below the value measured with a 1V differential. Note 8: To prevent mis-operation, the Shutdown input must be driven by a signal that swings above VH and below VL with a slew rate not less than 40 mV/s (see Application Hints). Note 9: Temperature coefficient is defined as the maximum (worst-case) change divided by the total temperature range. Note 10: VFB VOUT (VIN - 1), 2.5V VIN 16V, 100 A IL 200 mA, TJ 125C. Note 11: See Typical Performance Characteristics curves. 5 www.national.com LP2986 Symbol LP2986 Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25C, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA. VOUT vs Temperature Dropout Voltage vs Temperature 1293509 1293508 Dropout Voltage vs Load Current Dropout Characteristics 1293510 www.national.com 1293513 6 LP2986 Ground Pin Current vs Temperature and Load Ground Pin Current vs Load Current 1293512 1293511 Input Current vs VIN Input Current vs VIN 1293515 1293514 Load Transient Response Load Transient Response 1293516 1293517 7 www.national.com LP2986 Line Transient Response Line Transient Response 1293518 1293520 Turn-On Waveform Turn-Off Waveform 1293523 1293521 Short Circuit Current Short Circuit Current 1293524 www.national.com 1293525 8 Instantaneous Short Circuit Current vs Temperature 1293527 1293526 DC Load Regulation Feedback Bias Current vs Load 1293529 1293528 Feedback Bias Current vs Temperature Shutdown Pin Current vs Shutdown Pin Voltage 1293531 1293530 9 www.national.com LP2986 Short Circuit Current vs Output Voltage LP2986 Shutdown Voltage vs Temperature Input to Output Leakage vs Temperature 1293537 1293532 Output Noise Density Output Impedance vs Frequency 1293535 1293534 Output Impedance vs Frequency Ripple Rejection 1293536 www.national.com 1293533 10 LP2986 Basic Application Circuits Application Using Internal Resistive Divider 1293503 Application Using External Divider 1293504 11 www.national.com LP2986 Application Hints The minimum required amount of output capacitance is 4.7 F. Output capacitor size can be increased without limit. It is important to remember that capacitor tolerance and variation with temperature must be taken into consideration when selecting an output capacitor so that the minimum required amount of output capacitance is provided over the full operating temperature range. A good Tantalum capacitor will show very little variation with temperature, but a ceramic may not be as good (see next section). LLP PACKAGE DEVICES The LP2986 is offered in the 8 lead LLP surface mount package to allow for increased power dissipation compared to the SO-8 and Mini SO-8. For details on LLP thermal performance as well as mounting and soldering specifications, refer to the LLP MOUNTING section. EXTERNAL CAPACITORS Like any low-dropout regulator, external capacitors are required to assure stability. These capacitors must be correctly selected for proper performance. INPUT CAPACITOR: An input capacitor ( 2.2 F) is required between the LP2986 input and ground (amount of capacitance may be increased without limit). This capacitor must be located a distance of not more than 0.5" from the input pin and returned to a clean analog ground. Any good quality ceramic or tantalum may be used for this capacitor. OUTPUT CAPACITOR: The output capacitor must meet the requirement for minimum amount of capacitance and also have an appropriate E.S.R. (equivalent series resistance) value. Curves are provided which show the allowable ESR range as a function of load current for various output voltages and capacitor values (see ESR curves below). CAPACITOR CHARACTERISTICS TANTALUM: The best choice for size, cost, and performance are solid tantalum capacitors. Available from many sources, their typical ESR is very close to the ideal value required on the output of many LDO regulators. Tantalums also have good temperature stability: a 4.7 F was tested and showed only a 10% decline in capacitance as the temperature was decreased from +125C to -40C. The ESR increased only about 2:1 over the same range of temperature. However, it should be noted that the increasing ESR at lower temperatures present in all tantalums can cause oscillations when marginal quality capacitors are used (where the ESR of the capacitor is near the upper limit of the stability range at room temperature). CERAMIC: For a given amount of a capacitance, ceramics are usually larger and more costly than tantalums. Be warned that the ESR of a ceramic capacitor can be low enough to cause instability: a 2.2 F ceramic was measured and found to have an ESR of about 15 m. If a ceramic capacitor is to be used on the LP2986 output, a 1 resistor should be placed in series with the capacitor to provide a minimum ESR for the regulator. Another disadvantage of ceramic capacitors is that their capacitance varies a lot with temperature: Large ceramic capacitors are typically manufactured with the Z5U temperature characteristic, which results in the capacitance dropping by a 50% as the temperature goes from 25C to 80C. This means you have to buy a capacitor with twice the minimum COUT to assure stable operation up to 80C. ALUMINUM: The large physical size of aluminum electrolytics makes them unattractive for use with the LP2986. Their ESR characteristics are also not well suited to the requirements of LDO regulators. The ESR of an aluminum electrolytic is higher than a tantalum, and it also varies greatly with temperature. A typical aluminum electrolytic can exhibit an ESR increase of 50X when going from 20C to -40C. Also, some aluminum electrolytics can not be used below -25C because the electrolyte will freeze. ESR Curves For 5V Output 1293506 ESR Curves For 2.5V Output USING AN EXTERNAL RESISTIVE DIVIDER The LP2986 output voltage can be programmed using an external resistive divider (see Basic Application Circuits). The resistor connected between the Feedback pin and ground should be 51.1k. The value for the other resistor (R1) connected between the Feedback pin and the regulated output is found using the formula: VOUT = VFB x (1 + ( R1 / 51.1k )) 1293507 IMPORTANT: The output capacitor must maintain its ESR in the stable region over the full operating temperature range of the application to assure stability. www.national.com It should be noted that the 25 A of current flowing through the external divider is approximately equal to the current 12 CF = 1/(2 x R1 x 50k) Board Type Thermal Vias JC JA JEDEC 2-Layer JESD 51-3 None 7.2C/W 184C/W 1 7.2C/W 64C/W 2 7.2C/W 55C/W 4 7.2C/W 46C/W 6 7.2C/W 43C/W JEDEC 4-Layer JESD 51-7 A good quality capacitor must be used for CF to ensure that the value is accurate and does not change significantly over temperature. Mica or ceramic capacitors can be used, assuming a tolerance of 20% or better is selected. If a ceramic is used, select one with a temperature coefficient of NPO, COG, Y5P, or X7R. Capacitor types Z5U, Y5V, and Z4V can not be used because their value varies more that 50% over the -25C to +85C temperature range. REVERSE INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE The PNP power transistor used as the pass element in the LP2986 has an inherent diode connected between the regulator output and input. During normal operation (where the input voltage is higher than the output) this diode is reverse-biased. However, if the output voltage is pulled above the input, or the input voltage is pulled below the output, this diode will turn ON and current will flow into the regulator output pin. SHUTDOWN INPUT OPERATION The LP2986 is shut off by driving the Shutdown input low, and turned on by pulling it high. If this feature is not to be used, the Shutdown input should be tied to VIN to keep the regulator output on at all times. To assure proper operation, the signal source used to drive the Shutdown input must be able to swing above and below the specified turn-on/turn-off voltage thresholds listed as VH and VL, respectively (see Electrical Characteristics). Since the Shutdown input comparator does not have hysteresis, It is also important that the turn-on (and turn-off) voltage signals applied to the Shutdown input have a slew rate which is not less than 40 mV/s when moving between the VH and VL thresholds. CAUTION: The regulator output state (either On or Off) can not be guaranteed if a slow-moving AC (or DC) signal is applied that is in the range between VH and VL. 1293544 FIGURE 1. LP2986 Reverse Current Path LLP MOUNTING The LDC08A (Pullback) 8-Lead LLP package requires specific mounting techniques which are detailed in National Semiconductor Application Note # 1187. Referring to the section PCB Design Recommendations in AN-1187 (Page 5), it should be noted that the pad style which should be used with this LLP package is the NSMD (non-solder mask defined) type. Additionally, for optimal reliability, there is a recommended 1:1 ratio between the package pad and the PCB pad for the Pullback LLP.. The thermal dissipation of the LLP package is directly related to the printed circuit board construction and the amount of additional copper area connected to the DAP. The DAP (exposed pad) on the bottom of the LLP package is connected to the die substrate with a conductive die attach adhesive. The DAP has no direct electrical (wire) connection to any of the eight pins. There is a parasitic PN junction between the die substrate and the device ground. As such, it is strongly recommend that the DAP be connected directly to the ground at device lead 1 (i.e. GROUND). Alternately, but not recommended, the DAP may be left floating (i.e. no electrical connection). The DAP must not be connected to any potential other than ground. For the LP2986 in the LDC08A 8-Lead LLP package, the junction-to-case thermal rating (JC) is 7.2C/W, where the 'case' is on the bottom of the package at the center of the DAP. The junction-to-ambient thermal performance for the LP2986 in the LDC08A 8-Lead LLP package, using the JEDEC JESD51 standards is summarized in the following table: In such cases, a parasitic SCR can latch which will allow a high current to flow into VIN (and out the ground pin), which can damage the part. In any application where the output voltage may be higher than the input, an external Schottky diode must be connected from VIN to VOUT (cathode on VIN, anode on VOUT), to limit the reverse voltage across the LP2986 to 0.3V (see the Absolute Maximum Ratings section. 1293545 FIGURE 2. Adding External Schottky Diode Protection 13 www.national.com LP2986 saved by not connecting the internal divider, which means the quiescent current is not increased by using external resistors. A lead compensation capacitor (CF) must also be used to place a zero in the loop response at about 50 kHz. The value for C F can be found using: LP2986 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 8-Lead Mini SOIC (118 mils wide), JEDEC MO-187-AA NS Package Number MUA08A 8-Lead SOIC NARROW (154 mils wide), JEDEC MS-012-AA NS Package Number M08A www.national.com 14 LP2986 8-Lead LLP Surface Mount Package NS Package Number LDC08A 15 www.national.com LP2986 Micropower, 200 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Fixed or Adjustable Voltage Regulator Notes For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at: www.national.com Products Design Support Amplifiers www.national.com/amplifiers WEBENCH(R) Tools www.national.com/webench Audio www.national.com/audio App Notes www.national.com/appnotes Clock and Timing www.national.com/timing Reference Designs www.national.com/refdesigns Data Converters www.national.com/adc Samples www.national.com/samples Interface www.national.com/interface Eval Boards www.national.com/evalboards LVDS www.national.com/lvds Packaging www.national.com/packaging Power Management www.national.com/power Green Compliance www.national.com/quality/green Switching Regulators www.national.com/switchers Distributors www.national.com/contacts LDOs www.national.com/ldo Quality and Reliability www.national.com/quality LED Lighting www.national.com/led Feedback/Support www.national.com/feedback Voltage References www.national.com/vref Design Made Easy www.national.com/easy www.national.com/powerwise Applications & Markets www.national.com/solutions Mil/Aero www.national.com/milaero PowerWise(R) Solutions Serial Digital Interface (SDI) www.national.com/sdi Temperature Sensors www.national.com/tempsensors SolarMagicTM www.national.com/solarmagic PLL/VCO www.national.com/wireless www.national.com/training PowerWise(R) Design University THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION ("NATIONAL") PRODUCTS. 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