TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 www.ti.com SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS Check for Samples: TL432A-Q1, TL432B-Q1 FEATURES * * * * * 1 * * * * Qualified for Automotive Applications AEC-Q100 Qualified With the Following Results: - Device Temperature Grade 1: -40C to 125C Ambient Operating Temperature Range - Device HBM ESD Classification Level H2 - Device CDM ESD Classification Level C3B Operation From -40C to 125C Reference Voltage Tolerance at 25C - 0.5%...B Grade - 1%...A Grade Typical Temperature Drift...14 mV Low Output Noise Typical Output Impedance...0.2 Sink Current Capability...1 mA to 100 mA Adjustable Output Voltage...Vref to 36 V DBZ (SOT-23-3) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) REF 1 3 CATHODE ANODE 2 DESCRIPTION/ORDERING INFORMATION The TL432x-Q1 devices are three-terminal adjustable shunt regulators with specified thermal stability over the automotive temperature range. The output voltage can be set to any value between Vref (approximately 2.5 V) and 36 V with two external resistors (see Figure 17). These devices have a typical output impedance of 0.2 . Active output circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on characteristic, making these devices excellent replacements for Zener diodes in many applications such as onboard regulation, adjustable power supplies, and switching power supplies. The TL432x-Q1 devices are offered in two grades with initial tolerances (at 25C) of 0.5% and 1%, for the B and A grade, respectively. In addition, low output drift vs temperature ensures good stability over the entire temperature range. The devices are characterized for operation from -40C to 125C. ORDERING INFORMATION (1) TA -40C to 125C (1) (2) Vref TOLERANCE (TA = 25C) A Grade: 1% B Grade: 0.5 % PACKAGE (2) SOT23 - DBZ Reel of 3000 ORDERABLE PART NUMBER TOP-SIDE MARKING TL432AQDBZRQ1 TOIQ TL432BQDBZRQ1 TOHQ For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI web site at www.ti.com. Package drawings, thermal data, and symbolization are available at www.ti.com/packaging. 1 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 www.ti.com SYMBOL REF ANODE CATHODE FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM CATHODE REF Vref ANODE EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC CATHODE 800 W 800 W 20 pF REF 150 W 3.28 kW 2.4 kW 7.2 kW 4 kW 10 kW 20 pF 1 kW 800 W ANODE NOTE: All component values are nominal. 2 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 www.ti.com SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) VKA Cathode voltage (2) IKA Continuous cathode current range 37 V -100 mA to 150 mA -50 A to 10 mA Reference input current range TJ Operating virtual-junction temperature Tstg Storage temperature range (1) (2) 150C -65C to 150C Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Voltage values are with respect to the ANODE terminal, unless otherwise noted. PACKAGE THERMAL DATA PACKAGE BOARD JC JA SOT-23-3 (DBZ) High K, JESD 51-7 76C/W 206C/W RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS MIN MAX VKA Cathode voltage Vref 36 V IKA Cathode current 1 100 mA TA Operating free-air temperature -40 125 C 2 kV 750 V ESD Ratings Human-body model (HBM) AEC-Q100 classification level H2 Charged-device model (CDM) AEC-Q100 classification level C3B Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback UNIT 3 TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 www.ti.com TL432A-Q1 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CIRCUIT TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 2470 2495 2520 mV 14 34 mV -1.4 -2.7 -1 -2 Vref Reference voltage Figure 2 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA VI(dev) Deviation of reference voltage over full temperature range (see Figure 1) Figure 2 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA, TA = -40C to 125C Vref/ VKA Ratio of change in reference voltage to the change in cathode voltage Figure 3 IKA = 10 mA Iref Reference current Figure 3 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 = 2 4 A II(dev) Deviation of reference current over full temperature range (see Figure 1) Figure 3 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 = , TA = -40C to 125C 0.8 2.5 A Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation Figure 2 VKA = Vref 0.4 0.7 mA Ioff Off-state cathode current Figure 4 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 0.5 A |zKA| Dynamic impedance (see Figure 1) Figure 2 IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA, VKA = Vref, f 1 kHz 0.2 0.5 MIN TYP MAX UNIT 2483 2495 2507 mV 14 34 mV -1.4 -2.7 -1 -2 VKA = 10 V - Vref VKA = 36 V - 10 V mV/V TL432B-Q1 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CIRCUIT TEST CONDITIONS Vref Reference voltage Figure 2 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA VI(dev) Deviation of reference voltage over full temperature range (see Figure 1) Figure 2 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA, TA = -40C to 125C Vref/ VKA Ratio of change in reference voltage to the change in cathode voltage Figure 3 IKA = 10 mA Iref Reference current Figure 3 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 = 2 4 A II(dev) Deviation of reference current over full temperature range (see Figure 1) Figure 3 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 = , TA = -40C to 125C 0.8 2.5 A Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation Figure 2 VKA = Vref 0.4 0.7 mA Ioff Off-state cathode current Figure 4 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 0.5 A |zKA| Dynamic impedance (see Figure 1) Figure 2 IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA, VKA = Vref, f 1 kHz 0.2 0.5 4 Submit Documentation Feedback VKA = 10 V - Vref VKA = 36 V - 10 V mV/V Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 www.ti.com SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 Deviation Parameters The deviation parameters Vref(dev) and Iref(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the recommended temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference voltage, Vref, is defined as: a V ref ppm + C V I(dev) V ref at 25C 10 6 Maximum Vref Minimum Vref DT A VI(dev) TA where: TA is the recommended operating free-air temperature range of the device. a Vref can be positive or negative, depending on whether minimum Vref or maximum Vref, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. Example: Vref = 2495 mV at 25C, VI(dev) = 14 mV, TA = 165C for TL432B a + V ref 14 mV 2495 mV 10 6 165C [ 34 ppm C Because minimum Vref occurs at the lower temperature, the coefficient is positive. Dynamic Impedance The dynamic impedance is defined as: |z KA| + DVKA DI KA When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 3), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: |z| + DV [ |z KA| 1 ) R1 DI R2 Figure 1. Calculating Deviation Parameters and Dynamic Impedance Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback 5 TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 www.ti.com PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION Input VKA IKA Vref Figure 2. Test Circuit for VKA = Vref VKA Input IKA R1 Iref R2 Vref VKA + Vref 1 ) R1 ) Iref R2 R1 Figure 3. Test Circuit for VKA > Vref Input VKA Ioff Figure 4. Test Circuit for Ioff 6 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 www.ti.com SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Data at high and low temperatures is applicable only within the recommended operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices. Table 1. Graphs FIGURE Reference voltage vs Free-air temperature Figure 5 Reference current vs Free-air temperature Figure 6 Cathode current vs Cathode voltage Figure 7, Figure 8 Off-state cathode current vs Free-air temperature Figure 9 Ratio of delta reference voltage to delta cathode voltage vs Free-air temperature Figure 10 Equivalent input noise voltage vs Frequency Figure 11 Equivalent input noise voltage over a 10-s period Figure 12 Small-signal voltage amplification vs Frequency Figure 13 Reference impedance vs Frequency Figure 14 Pulse response Figure 15 Stability boundary conditions Figure 16 REFERENCE CURRENT vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE 2600 R1 = 10 k R2 = IKA = 10 mA Vref = 2550 mV (see Note A) 2560 I ref - Reference Current - A V ref - Reference Voltage - mV 2580 5 VKA = Vref IKA = 10 mA 2540 2520 Vref = 2495 mV (see Note A) 2500 2480 2460 Vref = 2440 mV (see Note A) 2440 4 3 2 1 2420 2400 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C 0 -75 -25 -50 0 25 50 75 100 125 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C A. Data is for devices having the indicated value of Vref at IKA = 10 mA, TA = 25C. Figure 5. Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 Figure 6. Submit Documentation Feedback 7 TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 www.ti.com CATHODE CURRENT vs CATHODE VOLTAGE CATHODE CURRENT vs CATHODE VOLTAGE 150 800 VKA = Vref TA = 25C 125 VKA = Vref TA = 25C 600 I KA - Cathode Current - A I KA - Cathode Current - mA 100 75 50 25 0 -25 -50 Imin 400 200 0 -75 -100 -2 -1 0 2 1 -200 -1 3 0 VKA - Cathode Voltage - V Figure 7. RATIO OF DELTA REFERENCE VOLTAGE TO DELTA CATHODE VOLTAGE vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE - 0.85 2.5 VKA = 36 V Vref = 0 VKA = 3 V to 36 V - 0.95 2 V ref / V KA - mV/V I off - Off-State Cathode Current - A 3 Figure 8. OFF-STATE CATHODE CURRENT vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE 1.5 1 0.5 0 -75 -1.05 -1.15 -1.25 -1.35 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C 100 125 -1.45 -75 -50 -25 Submit Documentation Feedback 0 25 50 75 100 125 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C Figure 9. 8 2 1 VKA - Cathode Voltage - V Figure 10. Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 www.ti.com SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY Vn - Equivalent Input Noise Voltage - nV/ Hz 260 IO = 10 mA TA = 25C 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 10 100 1k 10 k 100 k f - Frequency - Hz Figure 11. Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback 9 TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 www.ti.com EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE OVER A 10-S PERIOD 6 5 4 Vn - Equivalent Input Noise Voltage - V 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 f = 0.1 to 10 Hz IKA = 10 mA TA = 25C -4 -5 -6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 t - Time - s 7 8 9 10 19.1 V 1 k 500 F 910 2000 F VCC TL432x-Q1 (DUT) VCC 1 F TLE2027 AV = 10 V/mV + 820 TLE2027 + - 16 k 16 k - 16 160 k 1 F 22 F To Oscilloscope 33 k AV = 2 V/V 0.1 F 33 k VEE VEE Figure 12. Test Circuit for Equivalent Input Noise Voltage 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 www.ti.com SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 SMALL-SIGNAL VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs FREQUENCY IKA = 10 mA TA = 25C A V - Small-Signal Voltage Amplification - dB 60 IKA = 10 mA TA = 25C 50 Output 15 k IKA 232 40 9 F + 30 - 8.25 k 20 GND TEST CIRCUIT FOR VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION 10 0 1k 10 k 100 k 1M 10 M f - Frequency - Hz Figure 13. REFERENCE IMPEDANCE vs FREQUENCY |z KA| - Reference Impedance - 100 IKA = 10 mA TA = 25C 1 k Output 10 IKA 50 - + GND 1 TEST CIRCUIT FOR REFERENCE IMPEDANCE 0.1 1k 10 k 100 k 1M 10 M f - Frequency - Hz Figure 14. Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback 11 TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 www.ti.com PULSE RESPONSE 6 TA = 25C Input Input and Output Voltage - V 5 220 Output 4 Pulse Generator f = 100 kHz 3 50 Output GND 2 TEST CIRCUIT FOR PULSE RESPONSE 1 0 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t - Time - s Figure 15. STABILITY BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 100 90 I KA - Cathode Current - mA 80 150 A VKA = Vref B VKA = 5 V C VKA = 10 V D VKA = 15 Vf IKA + B 70 VBATT CL - TA = 25C 60 C Stable Stable 50 A TEST CIRCUIT FOR CURVE A 40 A 30 D IKA 20 150 R1 = 10 k B 10 0 0.001 CL + 0.01 0.1 1 10 R2 CL - Load Capacitance - F - The areas under the curves represent conditions that may cause the device to oscillate. For curves B, C, and D, R2 and V+ were adjusted to establish the initial VKA and IKA conditions with CL = 0. VBATT and CL then were adjusted to determine the ranges of stability. VBATT TEST CIRCUIT FOR CURVES B, C, AND D Figure 16. 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 www.ti.com SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 APPLICATION INFORMATION Table 2. Application Circuits FIGURE Shunt regulator Figure 17 Single-supply comparator with temperature-compensated threshold Figure 18 Precision high-current series regulator Figure 19 Output control of a three-terminal fixed regulator Figure 20 High-current shunt regulator Figure 21 Crowbar circuit Figure 22 Precision 5-V 1.5-A regulator Figure 23 Efficient 5-V precision regulator Figure 24 PWM converter with reference Figure 25 Voltage monitor Figure 26 Delay timer Figure 27 Precision current limiter Figure 28 Precision constant-current sink Figure 29 R (see Note A) VO VI(BATT) R1 0.1% Vref TL432x-Q1 R1 o ae VO = c 1 + / Vref e R2 o R2 0.1% RETURN A. R should provide cathode current 1 mA to the TL432x-Q1 at minimum VI(BATT). Figure 17. Shunt Regulator VI(BATT) TL432x-Q1 VO Von 2 V Voff VI(BATT) Input VIT 2.5 V GND Figure 18. Single-Supply Comparator With Temperature-Compensated Threshold Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback 13 TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 www.ti.com VI(BATT) R (see Note A) 2N222 2N222 30 R1 o ae VO = c 1 + / Vref e R2 o 4.7 k 0.01 F TL432x-Q1 VO R1 0.1% R2 0.1% A. R should provide cathode current 1 mA to the TL432x-Q1 at minimum VI(BATT). Figure 19. Precision High-Current Series Regulator VI(BATT) IN OUT VO uA7805 Common R1 TL432x-Q1 R1 o ae VO = c 1 + / Vref e R2 o Minimum VO = Vref + 5 V R2 Figure 20. Output Control of a Three-Terminal Fixed Regulator VO VI(BATT) R1 R1 o ae VO = c 1 + / Vref e R2 o TL432x-Q1 R2 Figure 21. High-Current Shunt Regulator VI(BATT) VO R1 TL432x-Q1 C (see Note A) R2 A. See the stability boundary conditions in Figure 16 to determine allowable values for C. Figure 22. Crowbar Circuit 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 www.ti.com SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 OUT IN VI(BATT) VO 5 V, 1.5 A LM317 Adjust 8.2 k 243 0.1% TL432x-Q1 243 0.1% Figure 23. Precision 5-V 1.5-A Regulator VI(BATT) VO 5 V Rb (see Note A) 27.4 k 0.1% TL432x-Q1 27.4 k 0.1% A. Rb should provide cathode current 1 mA to the TL432x-Q1. Figure 24. Efficient 5-V Precision Regulator 12 V VCC 6.8 k 5V 10 k 10 k 0.1% TL432x-Q1 10 k 0.1% X Not Used + TL598 Feedback Figure 25. PWM Converter With Reference Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback 15 TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 www.ti.com R3 (see Note A) VI(BATT) ae R1B o Low Limit = c 1 + / Vref e R2B o ae R1A o High Limit = c 1 + / Vref e R2A o R4 (see Note A) R1B R1A TL432x-Q1 R2A A. LED on When Low Limit < VI(BATT) < High Limit R2B R3 and R4 are selected to provide the desired LED intensity and cathode current 1 mA to the TL432x-Q1 at the available VI(BATT). Figure 26. Voltage Monitor 650 12 V 2 k R TL432x-Q1 Off ae 12 V o Delay = R C In c / e 12 V - Vref o C On Figure 27. Delay Timer RCL 0.1% IO Iout = VI(BATT) R1 R1 = TL432x-Q1 Vref + IKA RCL VI(BATT) IO +I hFE KA Figure 28. Precision Current Limiter VI(BATT) IO IO = TL432x-Q1 Vref RS RS 0.1% Figure 29. Precision Constant-Current Sink 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 www.ti.com SLVS900A - NOVEMBER 2008 - REVISED JULY 2012 REVISION HISTORY Changes from Original (November, 2008) to Revision A Page * Added AEC-Q100 info to features ........................................................................................................................................ 1 * Added ESD ratings information to recommended operating conditions table ...................................................................... 3 Copyright (c) 2008-2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TL432A-Q1 TL432B-Q1 Submit Documentation Feedback 17 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 30-Jul-2012 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/ Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp TL432AQDBZRQ1 ACTIVE SOT-23 DBZ 3 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL432BQDBZRQ1 ACTIVE SOT-23 DBZ 3 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM (3) Samples (Requires Login) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. 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