AD5171BRJ5-RL7 - Analog Devices - searchdatasheet.com

64-

Position

OTP Digital Potentiometer

AD5171

Rev. 0

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable.

However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any

infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use.

Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication

or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and

registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.

Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com

FEATURES

64 positions

OTP (one-time programmable)1 set-and-forget resistance

setting—low cost alternative over EEMEM

Unlimited adjustments prior to OTP activation

5 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, 100 kΩ end-to-end resistance

Low tempco 5 ppm/oC in potentiometer mode

Low tempco 35 ppm/°C in rheostat mode

Compact standard SOT-23-8 package

Low power, IDD = 10 µA max

Fast settling time, ts = 5 µs typ in power-up

I2C compatible digital interface

Computer software replaces µC in factory programming

applications

Full read/write of wiper register

Extra I2C device address pin

Power-on preset to midscale

6 V one-time programming voltage

Low operating voltage, 2.7 V to 5.5 V

OTP validation check function

Automotive temperature range −40°C to +125°C

APPLICATIONS

Systems calibrations

Electronics level settings

Mechanical potentiometers and trimmers® replacements

Automotive electronics adjustments

Gain control and offset adjustments

Transducer circuits adjustments

Programmable filters up to 1.5 MHz BW

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The AD5171 is a 64-position, one-time programmable (OTP)

digital potentiometer2 that uses fuse link technology to achieve

the memory retention of the resistance setting function. OTP is

a cost-effective alternative over the EEMEM approach for users

who do not need to reprogram new memory settings in the

digital potentiometer. This device performs the same electronic

adjustment function as most mechanical trimmers and variable

resistors. The AD5171 is programmed using a 2-wire I2C

compatible digital control. It allows unlimited adjustments

before permanently setting the resistance value. During the

OTP activation, a permanent fuse blown command is sent after

the final value is determined, therefore freezing the wiper

position at a given setting (analogous to placing epoxy on a

mechanical trimmer). When this permanent setting is achieved,

the value does not change regardless of supply variations or

environmental stresses under normal operating conditions. To

verify the success of permanent programming, Analog Devices

patterned the OTP validation such that the fuse status can be

discerned from two validation bits in read mode.

For applications that program the AD5171 in factories, Analog

Devices offers device programming software that operates

across Windows® 95 to XP® platforms including Windows NT®.

This software application effectively replaces the need for exter-

nal I2C controllers or host processors and therefore significantly

reduces users’ development time.

An AD5171 evaluation kit is available, which includes the soft-

ware, connector, and cable that can be converted for factory

programming applications.

The AD5171 is available in a compact SOT-23-8 package. All

parts are guaranteed to operate over the automotive tempera-

ture range of −40°C to +125°C. Besides its unique OTP feature,

the AD5171 lends itself well to other general-purpose digital

potentiometer applications due to its temperature performance,

small form factor, and low cost.

GND

C INTERFACE

AND

CONTROL LOGIC

WIPER

FUSE

LINK

AD0

SDA

SCL

AD5171

03437-0-001

Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram

TOP VIEW

(Not to Scale)

GND

SCL

AD0

SDA

AD5171

03437-0-002

Figure 2. Pin Configuration

One-time programmable (OTP)—Unlimited adjustments before

permanent setting.

The terms digital potentiometer and RDAC are used interchangeably.

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 20

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Electrical Characteristics ................................................................. 3

Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 5

ESD Caution.................................................................................. 5

Pin Configuration and Functional Descriptions.......................... 6

Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 7

Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 11

One-Time Programming (OTP) .............................................. 11

Power Supply Considerations................................................... 11

ESD Protection ........................................................................... 12

Terminal Voltage Operating Range.......................................... 12

Power-Up/Power-Down Sequences......................................... 12

Determining the Variable Resistance and Voltage ................ 12

Rheostat Mode Operation......................................................... 12

Potentiometer Mode Operation ............................................... 13

Controlling the AD5171 ............................................................ 14

Software Programming ............................................................. 14

I2C Controller Programming.................................................... 15

Controlling Two Devices on One Bus..................................... 16

Applications..................................................................................... 17

DAC.............................................................................................. 17

Gain Control Compensation .................................................... 17

Programmable Voltage Source with Boosted Output............ 17

Level Shifting for Different Voltage Operation ...................... 17

Resistance Scaling ...................................................................... 17

Resolution Enhancement .......................................................... 18

RDAC Circuit Simulation Model............................................. 18

AD5171 Evaluation Board ........................................................ 19

Outline Dimensions....................................................................... 20

Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 20

REVISION HISTORY

Revision 0: Initial Version

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 20

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

5 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, and 100 kΩ versions, VDD = 3 V to 5 V ± 10%, VA = VDD, VB = 0 V, −40°C < TA < +125°C, unless otherwise noted.

Table 1.

Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ1Max Unit

DC CHARACTERISTICS RHEOSTAT MODE

Resistor Differential Nonlinearity2R-DNL RWB, VA = no connect,

RAB = 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, and 100 kΩ

–0.5 ±0.1 +0.5 LSB

WB, VA = no connect, RAB = 5 kΩ –1 ±0.25 +1 LSB

Resistor Integral Nonlinearity2R-INL RWB, VA = no connect,

RAB = 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, and 100 kΩ

–1.5 ±0.35 +1.5 LSB

WB, VA = no connect, RAB = 5 kΩ –1.5 ±0.5 +1.5 LSB

Nominal Resistor Tolerance3∆RAB/RAB –30 +30 %

Resistance Temperature Coefficient (∆RAB/RAB)/∆T 35 ppm/°C

Wiper Resistance RWVDD = 5 V 60 115 Ω

DC CHARACTERISTICS POTENTIOMETER

DIVIDER MODE (Specifications apply to all

RDACs)

Resolution N 6 Bits

Differential Nonlinearity4DNL –0.5 ±0.1 +0.5 LSB

Integral Nonlinearity4INL –1 ±0.2 +1 LSB

Voltage Divider Temperature Coefficient (∆VW/VW)/∆T Code = 0x20 5 ppm/°C

Full-Scale Error VWFSE Code = 0x3F, RAB = 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ,

and 100 kΩ

–1 −0.5 0 LSB

Full-Scale Error VWFSE Code = 0x3F, RAB= 5 kΩ –1.5 0 LSB

Zero-Scale Error VWZSE Code = 0x00, RAB=10 kΩ, 50 kΩ,

and 100 kΩ

0 0.5 1 LSB

Code = 0x00, RAB = 5 kΩ 0 2 LSB

RESISTOR TERMINALS

Voltage Range5VA, B, W With respect to GND VDD V

Capacitance6 A, B CA, B f = 1 MHz, measured to GND,

Code = 0x20

25 pF

Capacitance6 W CWf = 1 MHz, measured to GND,

Code = 0x20

55 pF

Common-Mode Leakage ICM VA = VB = VDD/2 1 nA

DIGITAL INPUTS

Input Logic High (SDA and SCL) VIH 0.7 VDD VDD + 0.5 V

Input Logic Low (SDA and SCL) VIL –0.5 0.3 VDD V

Input Logic High (AD0) VIH VDD = 3 V 3.0 VDD V

Input Logic Low (AD0) VIL VDD = 3 V 0 1.0 V

Input Current IIL VIN = 0 V or 5 V ±1 µA

Input Capacitance6CIL 3 pF

DIGITAL OUTPUTS

Output Logic Low (SDA) VOL IOL = 6 mA 0.4 V

Three-State Leakage Current (SDA) IOZ VIN = 0 V or 5 V ±1 µA

Output Capacitance6COZ 3 pF

POWER SUPPLIES

Power Supply Range VDD 2.7 5.5 V

OTP Power Supply7VDD_OTP TA = 25°C 6 6.5 V

Supply Current IDD VIH = 5 V or VIL = 0 V 4 10 µA

OTP Supply Current8 IDD_OTP VDD_OTP = 6 V, TA = 25°C 100 mA

Power Dissipation9PDISS VIH = 5 V or VIL = 0 V, VDD = 5 V 0.02 0.04 mW

Power Supply Sensitivity PSSR −0.025 +0.001 +0.025 %/%

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 20

Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ1Max Unit

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS 6, 10, 11

Bandwidth –3 dB BW_5k RAB = 5 kΩ, Code = 0x20 1500 kHz

BW_10k RAB = 10 kΩ, Code = 0x20 600 kHz

BW_50k RAB = 50 kΩ, Code = 0x20 110 kHz

BW_100k RAB = 100 kΩ, Code = 0x20 60 kHz

Total Harmonic Distortion THD VA = 1 V rms, RAB = 10 kΩ,

VB = 0 V DC, f = 1 kHz

0.05 %

Adjustment Settling Time tS1 VA= 5 V ± 1 LSB error band,

VB = 0 V, measured at VW

5 µs

OTP Settling Time12 tS_OTP VA = 5 V ± 1 LSB error band,

VB = 0 V, measured at VW

400 ms

Power-Up Settling Time—Post Fuses Blown tS2 VA = 5 V ±1 LSB error band,

VB = 0 V, measured at VW

5 µs

Resistor Noise Voltage eN_WB RAB = 5 kΩ, f = 1 kHz,

Code = 0x20

8 nV/√Hz

RAB = 10 kΩ, f = 1 kHz,

Code = 0x20

12 nV/√Hz

INTERFACE TIMING CHARACTERISTICS

(Apply to all parts6, 12)

SCL Clock Frequency fSCL 400 kHz

tBUF Bus Free Time between Start and Stop t1 1.3 µs

tHD;STA Hold Time (Repeated Start) t2After this period, the first clock

pulse is generated

0.6 µs

tLOW Low Period of SCL Clock t3 1.3 µs

tHIGH High Period of SCL Clock t4 0.6 50 µs

tSU;STA Setup Time for Start Condition t5 0.6 µs

tHD;DAT Data Hold Time t6 0.9 µs

tSU;DAT Data Setup Time t7 0.1 µs

tF Fall Time of Both SDA and SCL Signals t8 0.3 µs

tR Rise Time of Both SDA and SCL Signals t9 0.3 µs

tSU;STO Setup Time for Stop Condition t10 0.6 µs

1Typicals represent average readings at 25°C and VDD = 5 V.

2Resistor position nonlinearity error R-INL is the deviation from an ideal value measured between the maximum resistance and the minimum resistance wiper positions.

R-DNL measures the relative step change from ideal between successive tap positions. Parts are guaranteed monotonic.

3VAB = VDD, Wiper (VW) = no connect.

4INL and DNL are measured at VW with the RDAC configured as a potentiometer divider similar to a voltage output DAC. VA = VDD and VB = 0 V. DNL specification limits of

±1 LSB maximum are guaranteed monotonic operating conditions.

5Resistor terminals A, B, W have no limitations on polarity with respect to each other.

6Guaranteed by design and not subject to production test.

7Different from operating power supply, power supply for OTP is used one-time only.

8Different from operating current, supply current for OTP lasts approximately 400 ms for one-time needed only.

9PDISS is calculated from (IDD × VDD). CMOS logic level inputs result in minimum power dissipation.

10Bandwidth, noise, and settling time are dependent on the terminal resistance value chosen. The lowest R value results in the fastest settling time and highest

bandwidth. The highest R value results in the minimum overall power consumption.

11All dynamic characteristics use VDD = 5 V.

12Different from settling time after fuse is blown. The OTP settling time occurs once only.

SCL

DA t

PPS

03437-0-024

Figure 3. Interface Timing Diagram

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 20

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Table 2.

Parameter Rating

VDD to GND –0.3, +7 V

VA, VB, VW to GND GND, VDD

Maximum Current

IWB, IWA Pulsed

IWB Continuous (RWB ≤ 1 kΩ, A open)1

IWA Continuous (RWA ≤ 1 kΩ, B open)1

±20 mA

±5 mA

Digital Inputs and Output Voltage to GND 0 V, VDD

Operating Temperature Range –40°C to +125°C

Maximum Junction Temperature (TJ max) 150°C

Storage Temperature –65°C to +150°C

Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)

Vapor Phase (60 sec)

Infrared (15 sec)

300°C

215°C

220°C

Thermal Resistance2 θJA 230°C/W

1Maximum terminal current is bounded by the maximum applied voltage

across any two of the A, B, and W terminals at a given resistance, the

maximum current handling of the switches, and the maximum power

dissipation of the package. VDD = 5 V.

2Package Power Dissipation = (TJ max – TA) / θJA

Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings

may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress

rating only and functional operation of the device at these or

any other conditions above those indicated in the operational

section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute

maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect

device reliability.

ESD CAUTION

ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on

the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features

proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy

electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance

degradation or loss of functionality.

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 20

PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS

TOP VIEW

(Not to Scale)

GND

SCL

AD0

SDA

AD5171

03437-0-003

Figure 4. SOT-23-8

Table 3. Pin Function Descriptions

Pin No. Mnemonic Description

1 W Wiper Terminal W. GND ≤

≤

2 V

Positive Power Supply. Specified for operation from 2.7 V to 5.5 V. For OTP programming, V

needs to be a

minimum of 6 V and 100 mA driving capability.

3 GND Common Ground.

4 SCL Serial Clock Input. Requires pull-up resistor.

5 SDA Serial Data Input/Output. Requires pull-up resistor.

6 AD0 I

C Device Address Bit. Allows maximum of two AD5171s to be addressed.

7 B Resistor Terminal B. GND ≤ V

≤ V

8 A Resistor Terminal A. GND ≤ V

≤ V

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 20

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

–0.10

–0.08

–0.06

–0.04

–0.02

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

RHEOSTAT MODE INL (LSB)

32248160 40485664

CODE (DECIMAL)

03437-0-004

–40°C

+25°C

+125°C

VDD = 5V

Figure 5. R-INL vs. Code vs. Temperature

–0.10

–0.08

–0.06

–0.04

–0.02

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

RHEOSTAT MODE DNL (LSB)

32248160 40485664

CODE (DECIMAL)

03437-0-005

–40°C

+25°C

+125°C

VDD = 5V

Figure 6. R-DNL vs. Code vs. Temperature

–0.10

–0.08

–0.06

–0.04

–0.02

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

POTENTIOMETER MODE INL (LSB)

32248160 40485664

CODE (DECIMAL)

03437-0-006

–40°C

+25°C +125°C

VDD = 5V

Figure 7. INL vs. Code vs. Temperature

–0.10

–0.08

–0.06

–0.04

–0.02

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

POTENTIOMETER MODE DNL (LSB)

32248160 40485664

CODE (DECIMAL)

03437-0-007

–40°C +25°C

+125°C

VDD = 5V

Figure 8. DNL vs. Code vs. Temperature

–0.7

–0.6

–0.5

–0.4

–0.3

–0.2

–0.1

FSE (LSB)

–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

TEMPERATURE (°C)

03437-0-008

= 5V

= 3V

Figure 9. Full-Scale Error

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

ZSE (LSB)

–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

TEMPERATURE (°C)

03437-0-009

= 5V

= 3V

Figure 10. Zero-Scale Error

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 20

IDD SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)

0.1

–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

TEMPERATURE (°C)

03437-0-010

VDD = 5V

VDD = 3V

Figure 11. Supply Current vs. Temperature

–40

–20

100

140

180

120

160

RHEOSTAT MODE TEMPCO (ppm/°C)

32248160 40485664

CODE (DECIMAL)

03437-0-011

Figure 12. Rheostat Mode Tempco (∆RAB/RAB)/ ∆T vs. Code

–5

RHEOSTAT MODE TEMPCO (ppm/°C)

32248160 40485664

CODE (DECIMAL)

03437-0-012

Figure 13. Potentiometer Mode Tempco (∆V

)/ ∆T vs. Code

100 1M1k 10k 100k

10M

FREQUENCY (Hz)

–6

–12

–18

–24

–30

–36

–54

–42

–48

MAGNITUDE (dB)

0x02

0x01

0x00

0x04

0x08

0x10

0x20

03437-0-013

Figure 14. Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, R

= 5 kΩ

100 1M1k 10k 100k

FREQUENCY (Hz)

–6

–12

–18

–24

–30

–36

–54

–42

–48

MAGNITUDE (dB)

0x3F

0x20

0x10

0x08

0x04

0x02

0x01

0x00

03437-0-001

Figure 15. Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, RAB = 10 kΩ

100 1M1k 10k 100k

FREQUENCY (Hz)

–6

–12

–18

–24

–30

–36

–54

–42

–48

MAGNITUDE (dB)

0x3F

0x20

0x10

0x08

0x04

0x02

0x01

0x00

03437-0-015

Figure 16. Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, R

= 50 Ω

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 20

FREQUENCY (Hz)

100 1k

–6

–12

–18

–24

–30

–36

–54

–42

–48

MAGNITUDE (dB)

0x3F

0x20

0x10

0x08

0x04

0x02

0x01

0x00

1M10k 100k

03437-0-016

Figure 17. Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, R

= 100 kΩ

FREQUENCY (Hz)

100 1M1k 10k 100k

POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (–dB)

= 25°C

CODE = 0x20

= 2.5V, V

= 0V

= 5V DC ± 1.0V p-p AC

= 3V DC ± 0.6V p-p AC

03437-0-017

Figure 18. PSRR vs. Frequency

10mV 5V 500ns

= 5.5V

= GND

fCLK

= 100kHz

SCL = 5V/DIV

= 10mV/DIV

03437-0-018

Figure 19. Digital Feedthrough vs. Time

= 5.5V

= GND

CLK

= 400kHz

DATA 0x00 0x3F

5V 5V 5µs

03437-0-019

SCL = 5V/DIV

= 5V/DIV

Figure 20. Settling Time

= 5.5V

= GND

CLK

= 100kHz

DATA 0x20 0x1F

5V50mV 200ns

= 50mV/DIV

SCL = 5V/DIV

03437-0-020

Figure 21. Midscale Glitch Energy

5V1V

OTP PROGRAMMED AT MS

VDD = 5.5V

VA= 5.5V

RAB = 10kΩ

5µs

= 5V/DIV

= 1V/DIV

03437-0-021

Figure 22. Power-Up Settling Time, after Fuses Blown

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 20

THEORETICAL IWB_MAX (mA)

0.01

1.00

0.10

10.00

32248160 40485664

CODE (DECIMAL)

03437-0-022

= 100kΩ

= 50kΩ

= 10kΩ

= 5kΩ

= V

= OPEN

= 25°C

Figure 23. IWB_max vs. Code

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 20

THEORY OF OPERATION

The AD5171 allows unlimited 6-bit adjustments, except for one-

time programmable, set-and-forget resistance setting. OTP

technology is a proven cost-effective alternative over EEMEM

in one-time memory programming applications. AD5171

employs fuse link technology to achieve the memory retention

of the resistance setting function. It comprises six data fuses,

which control the address decoder for programming the RDAC,

one user mode test fuse for checking setup error, and one pro-

gramming lock fuse for disabling any further programming

once the data fuses are blown.

ONE-TIME PROGRAMMING (OTP)

Prior to OTP activation, the AD5171 presets to midscale during

power on. After the wiper is set at the desired position, the resis-

tance can be permanently set by programming the T bit to high

along with the proper coding (Table 7). Note that the fuse link

technology requires 6 V to blow the internal fuses to achieve a

given setting. The user has only one opportunity to blow the

fuses. Once programming is completed, the power supply voltage

must be reduced to the normal operating range of 2.7 V to 5.5 V.

The device control circuit has two validation bits, E1 and E0,

that can be read back in the read mode for checking the pro-

gramming status as shown in Table 4. Users should always read

back the validation bits to ensure that the fuses are properly

blown.

Table 4. Validation Status

E1 E0 Status

0 0 Ready for Programming

0 1

Test Fuse Not Blown Successfully. For factory

setup checking purpose only. Users should not

see these combinations.

1 0

Fatal Error. Some fuses are not blown. Do not

retry. Dicard the unit.

1 1 Successful. No further programming is possible.

This section discusses the fuse operation in detail. When the

OTP T bit is set, the internal clock is enabled. The program

attempts to blow a test fuse. The operation stops if the test fuse

is not blown properly. The validation Bits E1 and E0 show 01.

This status is intended for factory setup checking purposes

only; users should not see this status. If the test fuse is blown

successfully, the data fuses are programmed next. The six data

fuses are programmed in six clock cycles. The output of the

fuses is compared with the code stored in the DAC register. If

they do not match, E1 and E0 of 10 are issued as fatal error and

the operation stops. Users should never try blowing the fuses

more than once because the fuse structure may have changed,

which prohibits further programming. As a result, users must

discard the unit. This error status can also occur if the OTP

supply voltage droops below 6 V, the OTP supply current is

limited, or both the voltage and current ramp times are slow.

If the output and stored code match, the programming lock fuse

is blown so that no further programming is possible. In the

meantime, E1 and E0 issue 11, indicating the lock fuse is blown

successfully. All the fuse latches are enabled at power-on, and

therefore the output corresponds to the stored setting from this

point on. Figure 24 shows a detailed functional block diagram.

SDA

SCL

FUSES

DAC

REG.

C INTERFACE

COMPARATOR

ONE-TIME

PROGRAM/TEST

CONTROL BLOCK

MUX DECODER

FUSE

REG.

03437-0-025

Figure 24. Detailed Functional Block Diagram

POWER SUPPLY CONSIDERATIONS

To minimize the package pin count, both the one-time pro-

gramming and normal operating voltage supplies are applied to

the same VDD terminal of the AD5171. The AD5171 uses fuse

link technology that requires 6 V to blow the internal fuses to

achieve a given setting. The user has only one opportunity to

blow the fuses. Once programming is completed, power supply

voltage must be reduced to the normal operating range of 2.7 V

to 5.5 V. Such dual voltage requires isolation between supplies.

The fuse programming supply (either an on-board regulator or

rack-mount power supply) must be rated at 6 V and must provide

100 mA transient current for 400 ms for successful one-time

programming. Once programming is complete, the 6 V supply

must be removed to allow normal operation of 2.7 V to 5.5 V.

Figure 25 shows the simplest implementation using a jumper.

This approach saves one voltage supply, but draws additional

current and requires manual configuration.

AD5171

1nF

CONNECT J1

HERE FOR OTP

1µF

50kΩ

250kΩ

CONNECT J1

HERE AFTER OTP

03437-0-030

Figure 25. Power Supply Requirement

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 20

An alternate approach in 3.5 V to 5.5 V systems adds a signal

diode between the system supply and the OTP supply for

isolation, as shown in Figure 26.

AD5171

1nF

APPLY FOR OTP ONLY

1µF

3.5V–5.5V

03437-0-031

Figure 26. Isolating the 6 V OTP Supply from the 3.5 V to 5.5 V Normal

Operating Supply. The 6 V supply must be removed once OTP is complete.

AD5171

VDD

1nF

APPLY FOR OTP ONLY

1µF

10kΩ

2.7V

P1 P2

P1 = P2 = FDV302P, NDS0610

03437-0-052

Figure 27. Isolating the 6 V OTP Supply from the 2.7 V Normal Operating

Supply. The 6 V supply must be removed once OTP is complete.

For users who operate their systems at 2.7 V, it is recommended

to use the bidirectional low-threshold P-Ch MOSFETs for the

supplies isolation. Figure 27 assumes the 2.7 V system voltage is

first applied. The gates of P1 and P2 are pulled to ground, which

turns on P1 and subsequently P2. As a result, the VDD of the

AD5171 approaches 2.7 V. When the AD5171 setting is found,

the factory tester applies the 6 V to VDD and also to the gates of

P1 and P2 to turn them off. While the OTP command is

executing at this time to program AD5171, the 2.7 V source is

therefore protected. Once the OTP is complete, the tester with-

draws the 6 V, and AD5171 setting is permanently fixed.

The AD5171 achieves the OTP function by blowing internal

fuses. Users should always apply the 6 V one-time programming

voltage requirement at the first program command. Noncompli-

ance with this requirement may change the fuse structures,

rendering programming inoperable.

Poor PCB layout introduces parasitics, which may also affect the

fuse programming. Therefore, it is recommended to add a 1 nF

ceramic capacitor in parallel with a 1 µF tantalum capacitor as

close as possible to the VDD pin. These capacitors provide the

extra transient currents that make the PCB layout variations less

sensitive to the OTP programming errors.

ESD PROTECTION

Digital inputs SDA and SCL are protected with a series input

resistor and parallel Zener ESD structures (Figure 28).

LOGIC

340

Ω

03437-0-027

Figure 28. ESD Protection of Digital Pins

TERMINAL VOLTAGE OPERATING RANGE

There are also ESD protection diodes between VDD and the RDAC

terminals. The VDD of the AD5171 therefore defines their voltage

boundary conditions, see Figure 29. Supply signals present on

terminals A, B, and W that exceed VDD are clamped by the internal

forward-biased diodes and should be avoided.

GND

VDD

03437-0-029

Figure 29. Maximum Terminal Voltages Set by VDD

POWER-UP/POWER-DOWN SEQUENCES

Similarly, because of the ESD protection diodes, it is important

to power V

DD first before applying any voltages to terminals A,

B, and W. Otherwise, the diode is forward-biased such that VDD

is powered unintentionally and may affect the remainder of the

users’ circuits. The ideal power-up sequence is in the following

order: GND, VDD, digital inputs, and VA/VB/VW. The order of

powering VA, VB, VW, and the digital inputs is not important as

long as they are powered after VDD. Similarly, VDD should be

powered down last.

DETERMINING THE VARIABLE RESISTANCE

AND VOLTAGE

Rheostat Mode Operation

If only the W-to-B or W-to-A terminals are used as variable

resistors, the unused terminal can be opened or shorted with W.

This operation is called rheostat mode (Figure 30).

03437-0-050

Figure 30. Rheostat Mode Configuration

The nominal resistance (R

) of the RDAC has 64 contact

points accessed by the wiper terminal, plus the B terminal

contact if R

is considered. The 6-bit data in the RDAC latch is

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 20

decoded to select one of the 64 settings. Assuming that a 10 kΩ

part is used, the wiper’s first connection starts at the B terminal

for data 0x00. Such a connection yields a minimum of 60 Ω

resistance between terminals W and B because of the 60 Ω

wiper contact resistance. The second connection is the first tap

point, which corresponds to 219 Ω (RWB = 1 × RAB/63 + RW) for

data 0x01, and so on. Each LSB data value increase moves the

wiper up the resistor ladder until the last tap point is reached at

10060 Ω ((63) × RAB/63 + RW). Figure 31 shows a simplified

diagram of the equivalent RDAC circuit. The general equation

determining RWB is

WB RR

DR +×= 63

)( (1)

where:

D is the decimal equivalent of the 6-bit binary code.

RAB is the end-to-end resistance.

RW is the wiper resistance contributed by the on-resistance of

the internal switch.

Table 5. RWB vs. Codes; RAB = 10 kΩ and

the A Terminal Is Opened

D (Dec) RWB (Ω) Output State

63 10060 Full-Scale (RAB + RW)

32 5139 Midscale

1 219 1 LSB

0 60 Zero-Scale (Wiper Contact Resistance)

Since a finite wiper resistance of 60 Ω is present in the zero-

scale condition, care should be taken to limit the current flow

between W and B in this state to a maximum pulse current of

no more than 20 mA. Otherwise, degradation or possible

destruction of the internal switch contact can occur.

Similar to the mechanical potentiometer, the resistance of the

RDAC between the wiper W and terminal A also produces a

complementary resistance RWA . When these terminals are used,

the B terminal can be opened or shorted to W. Setting the

resistance value for RWA starts at a maximum value of resistance

and decreases as the data loaded in the latch increases in value.

The general equation for this operation is

WABWA RR

DR +×

−

=63

)( (2)

Table 6. RWA vs. Codes; RAB =10 kΩ and

B Terminal Is Opened

D (Dec) RWA (Ω) Output State

63 60 Full-Scale

32 4980 Midscale

1 9901 1 LSB

0 10060 Zero-Scale

The typical distribution of the resistance tolerance from device

to device is process lot dependent; it is possible to have ±30%

tolerance.

RDAC

LATCH

AND

DECODER

03437-0-026

Figure 31. AD5171 Equivalent RDAC Circuit

Potentiometer Mode Operation

If all three terminals are used, the operation is called the

potentiometer mode. The most common configuration is the

voltage divider operation (Figure 32).

03437-0-051

Figure 32. Potentiometer Mode Configuration

Ignoring the effect of the wiper resistance, the transfer function

is simply

)( = (3)

A more accurate calculation, which includes the wiper

resistance effect, yields

WAB

DV 2

)( +

= (4)

Unlike in rheostat mode operation where the absolute tolerance

is high, potentiometer mode operation yields an almost ratio-

metric function of D/63 with a relatively small error contributed

by the RW terms, and therefore the tolerance effect is almost

cancelled. Although the thin film step resistor RS and CMOS

switches resistance RW have very different temperature coeffi-

cients, the ratiometric adjustment also reduces the overall

temperature coefficient effect to 5 ppm/°C, except at low value

codes where RW dominates.

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 20

Potentiometer mode operations include others such as op amp

input, feedback resistor networks, and other voltage scaling

applications. A, W, and B terminals can in fact be input or

output terminals provided that |VAB|, |VWA |, and |VWB| do not

exceed VDD to GND.

CONTROLLING THE AD5171

There are two ways of controlling the AD5171. Users can either

program the devices with computer software or external I2C

controllers.

Software Programming

Due to the advantage of the one-time programmable feature,

users may consider programming the device in the factory

before shipping to end users. ADI offers device programming

software that can be implemented in the factory on PCs run-

ning Windows 95 to XP platforms. As a result, external controllers

are not required, which significantly reduces development time.

The program is an executable file that does not require any

programming languages or user programming skills. It is easy to

set up and use. Figure 33 shows the software interface. The

software can be downloaded from www.analog.com.

Figure 33. AD5171 Computer Software Interface

Write

The AD5171 starts at midscale after power-up prior to the OTP

programming. To increment or decrement the resistance, the

user may simply move the scrollbar on the left. To write any

specific values, the user should use the bit pattern control in the

upper screen and press the Run button. The format of writing

data to the device is shown in Table 7. Once the desired setting

is found, the user may press the Program Permanent button to

blow the internal fuse links for permanent setting. The user may

also set the programming bit pattern in the upper screen and

press the Run button to achieve the same result.

Read

To read the validation bits and data out from the device, the

user may simply press the Read button. The user may also set

the bit pattern in the upper screen and press the Run button.

The format of reading data out from the device is shown in

Table 8.

To apply the device programming software in the factory, users

need to modify a parallel port cable and configure Pins 2, 3, 15,

and 25 for SDA_write, SCL, SDA_read, and DGND, respectively,

for the control signals (Figure 34). Users should also lay out the

PCB of the AD5171 with SCL and SDA pads, as shown in

Figure 35, such that pogo pins can be inserted for the factory

programming.

SCL

100Ω

SDA

READ

WRITE

03437-0-033

Figure 34. Parallel Port Connection. Pin 2 = SDA_write, Pin 3 = SCL,

Pin 15 = SDA_read, and Pin 25 = DGND

GND

SCL

AD0

SDA

03437-0-034

Figure 35. Recommended AD5171 PCB Layout. The SCL and SDA pads allow

pogo pins to be inserted so that signals can be communicated through the

parallel port for programming (Figure 34).

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 15 of 20

Table 7. SDA Write Mode Bit Format

S 0 1 0 1 1 0 AD0 0 A T X X X X X X X A X X D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 A P

Slave Address Byte Instruction Byte Data Byte

Table 8. SDA Read Mode Bit Format

S 0 1 0 1 1 0 AD0 1 A E1 E0 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 A P

Slave Address Byte Data Byte

Table 9. SDA Bits Definitions and Descriptions

Bit Description

S Start Condition.

P Stop Condition.

A Acknowledge.

AD0 I2C Device Address Bit. Allows maximum of two AD5171s to be addressed.

X Don’t Care.

T OTP Programming Bit. Logic 1 programs wiper position permanently.

D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0 Data Bits.

E1, E0 OTP Validation Bits.

0, 0 Ready to Program.

0, 1 Test Fuse Not Blown Successfully. For factory setup checking purpose only. Users should not see these

combinations.

1, 0 Fatal Error. Do not retry. Discard the unit.

1, 1 Programmed Successfully. No further adjustments possible.

I2C Controller Programming

Write Bit Pattern Illustrations

SDA

FRAME 1

SLAVE ADDRESS BYTE FRAME 2

INSTRUCTION BYTE FRAME 1

DATA BYTE

SCL

ACK. BY

AD5171 ACK. BY

AD5171

STOP BY

MASTER

TART B

MASTER

10110AD0 R/W 0XXXXXXX XX D5D4D3D2D1D0

91 91 9

03437-0-035

Figure 36. Writing to the RDAC Register

SDA

FRAME 1

SLAVE ADDRESS BYTE FRAME 2

INSTRUCTION BYTE FRAME 1

DATA BYTE

SCL

ACK. BY

AD5171 ACK. BY

AD5171

STOP BY

MASTER

START BY

MASTER

10110AD0 R/W 1XXXXXXXXXD5

D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

91 91 9

03437-0-036

Figure 37. Activating One-Time Programming

Read Bit Pattern Illustration

SDA

FRAME 1

SLAVE ADDRESS BYTE FRAME 2

RDAC REGISTER

SCL

ACK. BY

AD5171 NO ACK. BY

MASTER

STOP BY

MASTER

TART B

MASTER

10110AD0 E1 E0 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

91 9

R/W

03437-0-037

Figure 38. Reading Data from RDAC Register

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 20

For users who prefer to use external controllers, the AD5171

can be controlled via an I2C compatible serial bus; the part is

connected to this bus as slave device. Referring to Figure 36,

Figure 37, and Figure 38, the 2-wire I2C serial bus protocol

operates as follows:

1. The master initiates data transfer by establishing a start

condition, which is when SDA goes from high-to-low while

SCL is high (Figure 36 and Figure 37). The following byte is

the slave address byte, which consists of the 6 MSBs as a

slave address defined as 010110. The next bit is AD0, which

is an I2C device address bit. Depending on the states of

their AD0 bits, two AD5171 can be addressed on the same

bus (Figure 39). The last LSB is the R/W bit, which deter-

mines whether data is read from or written to the slave

device.

The slave whose address corresponds to the transmitted

address responds by pulling the SDA line low during the

9th clock pulse (this is termed the Acknowledge bit). At this

stage, all other devices on the bus remain idle while the

selected device waits for data to be written to or read from

its serial register.

2. The write operation contains one more instruction byte

than the read operation. The instruction byte in the write

mode follows the slave address byte. The MSB of the

instruction byte labeled T is the one-time programming

bit. After acknowledging the instruction byte, the last byte

in the write mode is the data byte. Data is transmitted over

the serial bus in sequences of nine clock pulses (eight data

bits followed by an Acknowledge bit). The transitions on

the SDA line must occur during the low period of SCL and

remain stable during the high period of SCL (Figure 36).

3. In the read mode, the data byte follows immediately after

the acknowledgment of the slave address byte. Data is

transmitted over the serial bus in sequences of nine clock

pulses (slight difference with the write mode; there are

eight data bits followed by a No Acknowledge bit). Similarly,

the transitions on the SDA line must occur during the low

period of SCL and remain stable during the high period of

SCL (Figure 38).

4. When all data bits have been read or written, a stop

condition is established by the master. A stop condition is

defined as a low-to-high transition on the SDA line while

SCL is high. In the write mode, the master pulls the SDA

line high during the 10th clock pulse to establish a stop

condition (Figure 36 and Figure 37). In the read mode, the

master issues a No Acknowledge for the 9th clock pulse, i.e.,

the SDA line remains high. The master then brings the

SDA line low before the 10th clock pulse, which goes high to

establish a stop condition (Figure 38).

A repeated write function gives the user flexibility to update the

RDAC output a number of times, except after permanent

programming, addressing, and instructing the part only once.

During the write cycle, each data byte updates the RDAC output.

For example, after the RDAC has acknowledged its slave address

and instruction bytes, the RDAC output updates after these two

bytes. If another byte is written to the RDAC while it is still

addressed to a specific slave device with the same instruction,

this byte updates the output of the selected slave device. If

different instructions are needed, the write mode has to be started

with a new slave address, instruction, and data bytes. Similarly, a

repeated read function of the RDAC is also allowed.

CONTROLLING TWO DEVICES ON ONE BUS

Figure 39 shows two AD5171 devices on the same serial bus.

Each has a different slave address since the state of each AD0

pin is different. This allows each device to be operated

independently. The master device output bus line drivers are

open-drain pull-downs in a fully I2C compatible interface.

MASTER

SDA SCL

AD0

AD5171

SDA SCL

AD0

AD5171

SDA

SCL

Rp Rp

03437-0-038

Figure 39. Two AD5171 Devices on One Bus

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 17 of 20

APPLICATIONS

DAC

It is common to buffer the output of the digital potentiometer

as a DAC unless the load is much larger than RWB. The buffer

serves the purpose of impedance conversion as well as delivering

higher current, which may be needed.

GND

OUT

1U1

AD8601

AD1582

ADR03

AD5171

03437-0-039

Figure 40. Programmable Voltage Reference (DAC)

GAIN CONTROL COMPENSATION

The digital potentiometers are commonly used in gain controls

(Figure 41) or sensor transimpedance amplifier signal condi-

tioning applications. To avoid gain peaking or in worst-case

oscillation due to step response, a compensation capacitor is

needed. In general, C2 in the range of a few picofarads to no

more than a few tenths of a picofarad is adequate for the

compensation.

4.7pF

R2 100kΩ

47kΩ

03437-0-040

Figure 41. Typical Noninverting Gain Amplifier

PROGRAMMABLE VOLTAGE SOURCE WITH

BOOSTED OUTPUT

For applications that require high current adjustment, such as a

laser diode driver or tunable laser, a boosted voltage source can

be considered (Figure 42).

SIGNAL

BIAS

OUT

D5171

U3 2N7002

AD8601

–V

03437-0-041

Figure 42. Programmable Booster Voltage Source

In this circuit, the inverting input of the op amp forces the VOUT

to be equal to the wiper voltage set by the digital potentiometer.

The load current is then delivered by the supply via the N-Ch

FET N1. N1 power handling must be adequate to dissipate

(VI − VO) × IL power. This circuit can source a maximum of

100 mA with a 5 V supply. For precision applications, a voltage

reference such as ADR421, ADR03, or ADR370 can be applied

at the A terminal of the digital potentiometer.

LEVEL SHIFTING FOR DIFFERENT VOLTAGE

OPERATION

When users need to interface a 2.5 V controller with the

AD5171, a proper voltage level shift must be used so that the

digital potentiometer can be read from or written to the

controller; Figure 43 shows one of the implementations. M1 and

M2 should be low threshold N-Ch power MOSFETs, such as

FDV301N.

2.5V

CONTROLLER 2.7V–5.5V

AD5171

Rp Rp Rp Rp

DD1

= 2.5V V

DD2

= 5V

M1 SD

SDA1

SCL1

SDA2

SCL2

03437-0-042

Figure 43. Level Shifting for Different Voltage Operation

RESISTANCE SCALING

The AD5171 offers 5 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, and 100 kΩ nominal

resistances. For users who need to optimize the resolution with

an arbitrary full-range resistance, the following techniques can

be used. By paralleling a discrete resistor (Figure 44), a

proportionately lower voltage appears at terminal A to B, which

is applicable to the voltage divider mode only.

This translates into a finer degree of precision because the step

size at terminal W is smaller. The voltage can be found as

RRR

DV ××

=642||3

)2||(

)( (5)

03437-0-043

Figure 44. Lowering the Nominal Resistance

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 18 of 20

For log taper adjustment, such as volume control, Figure 45

shows another way of resistance scaling to achieve the log taper

function. In this circuit, the smaller the R2 with respect to RAB,

the more like the pseudo log taper characteristic it behaves. The

wiper voltage is simply

RRR

DV ×

=2||

)2||(

)( (6)

03437-0-044

Figure 45. Resistor Scaling with Log Adjustment Characteristics

RESOLUTION ENHANCEMENT

The resolution can be doubled in the potentiometer mode of

operation by using three digital potentiometers. Borrowed from

ADI’s patented RDAC segmentation technique, users can con-

figure three AD5171s (Figure 46) to double the resolution. First,

U3 must be parallel with a discrete resistor RP, which is chosen

to be equal to a step resistance (RP = RAB/64). One can see that

adjusting U1 and U2 together forms the coarse 6-bit adjustment

and that adjusting U3 alone forms the finer 6-bit adjustment. As a

result, the effective resolution becomes 12-bit.

COARSE

DJUSTMEN

FINE

ADJUSTMENT

03437-0-045

Figure 46. Doubling the Resolution

RDAC CIRCUIT SIMULATION MODEL

The internal parasitic capacitances and the external capacitive

loads dominate the ac characteristics of the digital potentio-

meters. Configured as a potentiometer divider, the –3 dB

bandwidth of the AD5171 (5 kΩ resistor) measures 1.5 MHz at

half scale. Figure 14 to Figure 17 provide the large signal BODE

plot characteristics of the four available resistor versions: 5 kΩ

10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, and 100 kΩ. A parasitic simulation model is

shown in Figure 47. Listing 1 provides a macro model net list

for the 10 kΩ device.

55pF

25pF C

25pF

RDAC

10kΩ

03437-0-046

Figure 47. Circuit Simulation Model for RDAC = 10 kΩ

Listing 1. Macro Model Net List for RDAC

.PARAM D=64, RDAC=10E3

.SUBCKT DPOT (A,W,B)

CA A 0 25E-12

RWA A W {(1-D/64)*RDAC+60}

CW W 0 55E-12

RWB W B {D/64*RDAC+60}

CB B 0 25E-12

.ENDS DPOT

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 19 of 20

AD5171 EVALUATION BOARD

J1 W

GND

SCL

AD0

SDA

OUT1

+IN1

V+

V–

–IN2

+IN2

OUT2

–IN1

JP8

JP7

JP4

JP6

0.1µFC9

10µF

U3A

CP4

CP2

JP5

JP3

0.1µFC7

10µF

–IN1

CP3

CP1

AD5170 AD5171/AD5273

AGND

REF

ADR03

10µF

0.1µF

10kΩ

SCL

SDA

0.1µF

TEMP

GND

TRIM

OUT

0.1µFJP1

JP2

BCP6 CP7

U3B

GND

SCL

AD0

SDA

CP5

03437-0-047

Figure 48. AD5171 Evaluation Board Schematic

The AD5171 evaluation board comes with a dual op amp

AD822 and a 2.5 V reference ADR03. Users can configure many

building block circuits with minimum components needed.

Figure 49 shows one of the examples. There is space available on

the board where users can build additional circuits for further

evaluations, see Figure 50.

REF

CP2

JP1

JP2 JP4

JP3

JP7

U3A

OUT1

V+

V–

AD822

311

REF

03437-0-048

Figure 49. Programmable Voltage Reference

Figure 50. AD5171 Evaluation Board

AD5171

Rev. 0 | Page 20 of 20

OUTLINE DIMENSIONS

5 6

2.90 BSC

PIN 1

1.60 BSC

1.95

BSC

0.65 BSC

0.38

0.22

0.15 MAX

1.30

1.15

0.90

SEATING

PLANE

1.45 MAX

0.22

0.08

0.60

0.45

0.30

8°

4°

0°

2.80 BSC

COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-178BA

Figure 51. 8-Lead Small Outline Transistor Package [SOT-23] (RJ-8)

Dimensions shown in millimeters

ORDERING GUIDE

Model RAB (kΩ) Package Code Package Description Full Container Quantity Branding

AD5171BRJ5-R2 5 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 250 D12

AD5171BRJ5-RL7 5 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 3000 D12

AD5171BRJZ5-R2

1 5 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 250 D12

AD5171BRJZ5-R71 5 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 3000 D12

AD5171BRJ10-R2 10 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 250 D13

AD5171BRJ10-RL7 10 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 3000 D13

AD5171BRJZ10-R21 10 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 250 D13

AD5171BRJZ10-R71 10 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 3000 D13

AD5171BRJ50-R2 50 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 250 D14

AD5171BRJ50-RL7 50 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 3000 D14

AD5171BRJZ50-R2

1 50 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 250 D14

AD5171BRJZ50-R71 50 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 3000 D14

AD5171BRJ100-R2 100 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 250 D15

AD5171BRJ100-RL7 100 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 3000 D15

AD5171BRJZ100-R21 100 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 250 D15

AD5171BRJZ100-R71 100 RJ-8 SOT-23-8 3000 D15

AD5171EVAL2 10 Evaluation Board 1

Z = Pb-free part.

The evaluation board is shipped with three pieces of 10 kΩ parts. Users should order extra samples or different resistance options if needed.

Purchase of licensed I

C components of Analog Devices or one of its sublicensed Associated Companies conveys a license for the purchaser under the Philips I

C Patent

Rights to use these components in an I

C system, provided that the system conforms to the I

C Standard Specification as defined by Philips.

registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

D03437–0–1/04(0)