TPS54060DGQR - Texas Instruments - searchdatasheet.com

DRCDGQ

EFFICIENCY

LOADCURRENT

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4

LoadCurrent- A

Efficiency-%

100

0.45 0.5

V =12V,

V =3.3V,

f =500kHz

VIN

GND

BOOT

VSENSE

COMP

TPS54060

RT /CLK

SS /TR

PWRGD

TPS54060

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SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

0.5A, 60V STEP DOWN

SWIFT™ DC/DC CONVERTER WITH ECO-MODE™

Check for Samples: TPS54060

1FEATURES • 0.8-V Internal Voltage Reference

2• 3.5V to 60V Input Voltage Range • MSOP10 and 3mm x 3mm SON Package With

PowerPAD™

• 200-mΩHigh-Side MOSFET • Supported by SwitcherPro™ Software Tool

• High Efficiency at Light Loads with a Pulse (http://focus.ti.com/docs/toolsw/folders/print/s

Skipping Eco-Mode™ witcherpro.html)

• 116mA Operating Quiescent Current • For SWIFT™ Documentation, See the TI

• 1.3mA Shutdown Current Website at http://www.ti.com/swift

• 100kHz to 2.5MHz Switching Frequency

• Synchronizes to External Clock APPLICATIONS

• Adjustable Slow Start/Sequencing • 12-V, 24-V and 48-V Industrial and Commercial

Low Power Systems

• UV and OV Power Good Output • Aftermarket Auto Accessories: Video, GPS,

• Adjustable UVLO Voltage and Hysteresis Entertainment

DESCRIPTION

The TPS54060 device is a 60V, 0.5A, step down regulator with an integrated high side MOSFET. Current mode

control provides simple external compensation and flexible component selection. A low ripple pulse skip mode

reduces the no load, regulated output supply current to 116mA. Using the enable pin, shutdown supply current is

reduced to 1.3mA, when the enable pin is low.

Under voltage lockout is internally set at 2.5V, but can be increased using the enable pin. The output voltage

startup ramp is controlled by the slow start pin that can also be configured for sequencing/tracking. An open

drain power good signal indicates the output is within 93% to 107% of its nominal voltage.

A wide switching frequency range allows efficiency and external component size to be optimized. Frequency fold

back and thermal shutdown protects the part during an overload condition.

The TPS54060 is available in 10 pin thermally enhanced MSOP and 10 pin 3mm x 3mm SON PowerPad™

packages. SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC

1Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas

Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

2Eco-Mode, PowerPAD, SwitcherPro, SWIFT are trademarks of Texas Instruments.

Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas

Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not

necessarily include testing of all parameters.

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

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This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with

appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.

ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more

susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.

ORDERING INFORMATION(1)

TJPACKAGE PART NUMBER(2)

10 Pin MSOP TPS54060DGQ

–40°C to 150°C 10 Pin SON TPS54060DRC

(1) For the most current package and ordering information see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI

website at www.ti.com.

(2) The DGQ package is also available taped and reeled. Add an R suffix to the device type (i.e., TPS54060DGQR).

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(1)

Over operating temperature range (unless otherwise noted). VALUE UNIT

VIN –0.3 to 65

EN –0.3 to 5

BOOT 73

VSENSE –0.3 to 3

Input voltage V

COMP –0.3 to 3

PWRGD –0.3 to 6

SS/TR –0.3 to 3

RT/CLK –0.3 to 3.6

BOOT-PH 8

Output voltage PH –0.6 to 65 V

PH, 10-ns Transient –2 to 65

Voltage Difference PAD to GND ±200 mV

EN 100 mA

BOOT 100 mA

Source current VSENSE 10 mA

PH Current Limit A

RT/CLK 100 mA

VIN Current Limit A

COMP 100 mA

Sink current PWRGD 10 mA

SS/TR 200 mA

Electrostatic Discharge (HBM) QSS 009-105 (JESD22-A114A) 1 kV

Electrostatic Discharge (CDM) QSS 009-147 (JESD22-C101B.01) 500 V

Operating junction temperature –40 to 150 °C

Storage temperature –65 to 150 °C

(1) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings

only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating

conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

TPS54060

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SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

THERMAL INFORMATION TPS54060

THERMAL METRIC(1)(2) UNITS

DGQ (10 PINS) DRC (10 PINS)

qJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (standard board) 62.5 40

qJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (custom board) (3) 57 56.5

yJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter 1.7 0.6

yJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter 20.1 7.5 °C/W

qJCtop Junction-to-case(top) thermal resistance 83 65

qJCbot Junction-to-case(bottom) thermal resistance 21 7.8

qJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance 28 8

(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953.

(2) Power rating at a specific ambient temperature TA should be determined with a junction temperature of 150°C. This is the point where

distortion starts to substantially increase. See power dissipation estimate in application section of this data sheet for more information.

(3) Test boards conditions:

(a) 3 inches x 3 inches, 2 layers, thickness: 0.062 inch

(b) 2 oz. copper traces located on the top of the PCB

(d) 6 thermal vias (13mil) located under the device package

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TJ= –40°C to 150°C, VIN = 3.5 to 60V (unless otherwise noted)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT

SUPPLY VOLTAGE (VIN PIN)

Operating input voltage 3.5 60 V

Internal undervoltage lockout No voltage hysteresis, rising and falling 2.5 V

threshold

Shutdown supply current EN = 0 V, 25°C, 3.5 V ≤VIN ≤60 V 1.3 4

Operating : nonswitching supply VSENSE = 0.83 V, VIN = 12 V, 25°C 116 136

current

ENABLE AND UVLO (EN PIN)

Enable threshold voltage No voltage hysteresis, rising and falling, 25°C 0.9 1.25 1.55 V

Enable threshold +50 mV –3.8

Input current mA

Enable threshold –50 mV –0.9

Hysteresis current –2.9 mA

VOLTAGE REFERENCE

TJ= 25°C 0.792 0.8 0.808

Voltage reference V

0.784 0.8 0.816

HIGH-SIDE MOSFET

VIN = 3.5 V, BOOT-PH = 3 V 300

On-resistance mΩ

VIN = 12 V, BOOT-PH = 6 V 200 410

ERROR AMPLIFIER

Input current 50 nA

Error amplifier transconductance (gM) –2 mA < ICOMP < 2 mA, VCOMP = 1 V 97 mMhos

–2 mA < ICOMP < 2 mA, VCOMP = 1 V,

Error amplifier transconductance (gM)26 mMhos

during slow start VVSENSE = 0.4 V

Error amplifier dc gain VVSENSE = 0.8 V 10,000 V/V

Error amplifier bandwidth 2700 kHz

Error amplifier source/sink V(COMP) = 1 V, 100 mV overdrive ±7 mA

COMP to switch current 1.9 A/V

transconductance

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

TJ= –40°C to 150°C, VIN = 3.5 to 60V (unless otherwise noted)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT

CURRENT LIMIT

Current limit threshold VIN = 12 V, TJ= 25°C 0.6 0.94 A

THERMAL SHUTDOWN

Thermal shutdown 182 °C

TIMING RESISTOR AND EXTERNAL CLOCK (RT/CLK PIN)

Switching Frequency Range using 100 2500 kHz

RT mode

fSW Switching frequency RT= 200 kΩ450 581 720 kHz

Switching Frequency Range using 300 2200 kHz

CLK mode

Minimum CLK input pulse width 40 ns

RT/CLK high threshold 1.9 2.2 V

RT/CLK low threshold 0.5 0.7 V

RT/CLK falling edge to PH rising Measured at 500 kHz with RT resistor in series 60 ns

edge delay

PLL lock in time Measured at 500 kHz 100 ms

SLOW START AND TRACKING (SS/TR)

Charge current VSS/TR = 0.4 V 2 mA

SS/TR-to-VSENSE matching VSS/TR = 0.4 V 45 mV

SS/TR-to-reference crossover 98% nominal 1.0 V

SS/TR discharge current (overload) VSENSE = 0 V, V(SS/TR) = 0.4 V 112 mA

SS/TR discharge voltage VSENSE = 0 V 54 mV

POWER GOOD (PWRGD PIN)

VSENSE falling 92%

VSENSE rising 94%

VVSENSE VSENSE threshold VSENSE rising 109%

VSENSE falling 107%

Hysteresis VSENSE falling 2%

Output high leakage VSENSE = VREF, V(PWRGD) = 5.5 V, 25°C 10 nA

On resistance I(PWRGD) = 3 mA, VSENSE < 0.79 V 50 Ω

Minimum VIN for defined output V(PWRGD) < 0.5 V, II(PWRGD) = 100 mA 0.95 1.5 V

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

DGQ PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

GND

COMP

VSENSE

BOOT

VIN

SS/TR

PWRGDRT/CLK 6

Thermal

Pad

(11)

DRC PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

GND

COMP

VSENSE

BOOT

VIN

SS/TR

PWRGDRT/CLK 6

Thermal

Pad

(11)

TPS54060

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SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

DEVICE INFORMATION

PIN CONFIGURATION

PIN FUNCTIONS

PIN I/O DESCRIPTION

NAME NO.

A bootstrap capacitor is required between BOOT and PH. If the voltage on this capacitor is below the

BOOT 1 O minimum required by the output device, the output is forced to switch off until the capacitor is refreshed.

Error amplifier output, and input to the output switch current comparator. Connect frequency compensation

COMP 8 O components to this pin.

Enable pin, internal pull-up current source. Pull below 1.2V to disable. Float to enable. Adjust the input

EN 3 I undervoltage lockout with two resistors.

GND 9 – Ground

PH 10 I The source of the internal high-side power MOSFET.

POWERPAD 11 – GND pin must be electrically connected to the exposed pad on the printed circuit board for proper operation.

An open drain output, asserts low if output voltage is low due to thermal shutdown, dropout, over-voltage or

PWRGD 6 O EN shut down.

Resistor Timing and External Clock. An internal amplifier holds this pin at a fixed voltage when using an

external resistor to ground to set the switching frequency. If the pin is pulled above the PLL upper threshold,

RT/CLK 5 I a mode change occurs and the pin becomes a synchronization input. The internal amplifier is disabled and

the pin is a high impedance clock input to the internal PLL. If clocking edges stop, the internal amplifier is

re-enabled and the mode returns to a resistor set function.

Slow-start and Tracking. An external capacitor connected to this pin sets the output rise time. Since the

SS/TR 4 I voltage on this pin overrides the internal reference, it can be used for tracking and sequencing.

VIN 2 I Input supply voltage, 3.5 V to 60 V.

VSENSE 7 I Inverting node of the transconductance ( gm) error amplifier.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

ERROR

AMPLIFIER

Boot

Charge

Boot

UVLO

Current

Sense

Oscillator

withPLL

Frequency

Shift

Logic

And

PWMLatch

Slope

Compensation

PWM

Comparator

Minimum

Clamp

Pulse

Skip

Maximum

Clamp

Voltage

Reference

Overload

Recovery

VSENSE

SS/TR

COMP

RT/CLK

BOOT

VIN

Thermal

Shutdown

Enable

Comparator

Shutdown

Logic

Shutdown

Enable

Threshold

TPS54060 BlockDiagram

Logic

Shutdown

PWRGD

Shutdown

GND

POWERPAD

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

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FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

0.784

0.792

0.800

0.808

0.816

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

V -VoltageReference-V

ref

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

V =12V

125

250

375

500

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

RDSON-StaticDrain-SourceOn-StateResistance-mW

BOOT-PH=3V

BOOT-PH=6V

V =12V

550

570

580

590

600

610

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

f -SwitchingFrequency-kHz

560

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

V =12V,

RT =200k

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.1

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

SwitchCurrent- A

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

V =12V

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

RT/CLK-Resistance-kW

f -SwitchingFrequency-kHz

V =12V,

T =25°C

100

200

300

400

500

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

RT/CLK-Resistance-kW

f -SwitchingFrequency-kHz

1200

V =12V,

T =25°C

TPS54060

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SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

ON RESISTANCE vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE VOLTAGE REFERENCE vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE

Figure 1. Figure 2.

SWITCH CURRENT LIMIT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE

Figure 3. Figure 4.

SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs RT/CLK RESISTANCE HIGH SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs RT/CLK RESISTANCE LOW

FREQUENCY RANGE FREQUENCY RANGE

Figure 5. Figure 6.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

gm- A/Vm

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

V =12V

110

130

150

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

gm- A/Vm

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

V =12V

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

EN-Threshold-V

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

V =12V

-4.25

-4

-3.75

-3.5

-3.25

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

I - A

(EN) m

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

V =12V,

V = Threshold+50mV

I(EN)

-1

-0.95

-0.9

-0.85

-0.8

-50 -25 025 50 75 100 125 150

I - A

(EN) m

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

V =12V,

V = Threshold-50mV

I(EN)

-3

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

I - A

(SS/TR) m

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

V =12V

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

EA TRANSCONDUCTANCE DURING SLOW START vs

JUNCTION TEMPERATURE EA TRANSCONDUCTANCE vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE

Figure 7. Figure 8.

EN PIN VOLTAGE vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE EN PIN CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE

Figure 9. Figure 10.

EN PIN CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE SS/TR CHARGE CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE

Figure 11. Figure 12.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

100

105

110

115

120

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

I - A

I(SS/TR) m

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

V =12V

100

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

V -V

SENSE

V =12V,

T =25°C

%ofNominalfsw

0.5

1.5

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

I - A

(VIN) m

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

V =12V

0.5

1.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

V -InputVoltage-V

I - A

(VIN) m

T =25°C

100

110

120

130

140

0 20 40 60

I - A

(VIN) m

V -InputVoltage-V

T =25 C,

V =0.83V

I(VSENSE)

100

110

120

130

140

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

I - A

(VIN) m

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

V =12V,

V =0.83V

I(VSENSE)

TPS54060

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SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

SS/TR DISCHARGE CURRENT vs JUNCTION

TEMPERATURE SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs VSENSE

Figure 13. Figure 14.

SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT vs JUNCTION

TEMPERATURE SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE (Vin)

Figure 15. Figure 16.

VIN SUPPLY CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE VIN SUPPLY CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE

Figure 17. Figure 18.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

100

105

110

115

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

PWRGDThreshold-%ofVref

VSENSEFalling

VSENSERising

VSENSEFalling

VSENSERising

V =12V

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

100

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

RDSON- W

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

V =12V

2.25

2.50

2.75

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

V -V

I(VIN)

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

1.5

1.8

2.3

2.5

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

V -V

I(BOOT-PH)

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

100

200

300

400

500

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

VSENSE-mV

Offset-mV

V =12V,

T =25 C

-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

Offset-mV

V =0.2V

(SS/TR)

V =12V

T -JunctionTemperature-°C

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

PWRGD ON RESISTANCE vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE PWRGD THRESHOLD vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE

Figure 19. Figure 20.

BOOT-PH UVLO vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE INPUT VOLTAGE (UVLO) vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE

Figure 21. Figure 22.

SS/TR TO VSENSE OFFSET vs VSENSE SS/TR TO VSENSE OFFSET vs TEMPERATURE

Figure 23. Figure 24.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

TPS54060

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SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

OVERVIEW

The TPS54060 device is a 60-V, 0.5-A, step-down (buck) regulator with an integrated high side n-channel

MOSFET. To improve performance during line and load transients the device implements a constant frequency,

current mode control which reduces output capacitance and simplifies external frequency compensation design.

The wide switching frequency of 100kHz to 2500kHz allows for efficiency and size optimization when selecting

the output filter components. The switching frequency is adjusted using a resistor to ground on the RT/CLK pin.

The device has an internal phase lock loop (PLL) on the RT/CLK pin that is used to synchronize the power

switch turn on to a falling edge of an external system clock.

The TPS54060 has a default start up voltage of approximately 2.5V. The EN pin has an internal pull-up current

source that can be used to adjust the input voltage under voltage lockout (UVLO) threshold with two external

resistors. In addition, the pull up current provides a default condition. When the EN pin is floating the device will

operate. The operating current is 116mA when not switching and under no load. When the device is disabled, the

supply current is 1.3mA.

The integrated 200mΩhigh side MOSFET allows for high efficiency power supply designs capable of delivering

0.5 amperes of continuous current to a load. The TPS54060 reduces the external component count by

integrating the boot recharge diode. The bias voltage for the integrated high side MOSFET is supplied by a

capacitor on the BOOT to PH pin. The boot capacitor voltage is monitored by an UVLO circuit and will turn the

high side MOSFET off when the boot voltage falls below a preset threshold. The TPS54060 can operate at high

duty cycles because of the boot UVLO. The output voltage can be stepped down to as low as the 0.8V

reference.

The TPS54060 has a power good comparator (PWRGD) which asserts when the regulated output voltage is less

than 92% or greater than 109% of the nominal output voltage. The PWRGD pin is an open drain output which

deasserts when the VSENSE pin voltage is between 94% and 107% of the nominal output voltage allowing the

pin to transition high when a pull-up resistor is used.

The TPS54060 minimizes excessive output overvoltage (OV) transients by taking advantage of the OV power

good comparator. When the OV comparator is activated, the high side MOSFET is turned off and masked from

turning on until the output voltage is lower than 107%.

The SS/TR (slow start/tracking) pin is used to minimize inrush currents or provide power supply sequencing

during power up. A small value capacitor should be coupled to the pin to adjust the slow start time. A resistor

divider can be coupled to the pin for critical power supply sequencing requirements. The SS/TR pin is discharged

before the output powers up. This discharging ensures a repeatable restart after an over-temperature fault,

UVLO fault or a disabled condition.

The TPS54060, also, discharges the slow start capacitor during overload conditions with an overload recovery

circuit. The overload recovery circuit will slow start the output from the fault voltage to the nominal regulation

voltage once a fault condition is removed. A frequency foldback circuit reduces the switching frequency during

startup and overcurrent fault conditions to help control the inductor current.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Fixed Frequency PWM Control

The TPS54060 uses an adjustable fixed frequency, peak current mode control. The output voltage is compared

through external resistors on the VSENSE pin to an internal voltage reference by an error amplifier which drives

the COMP pin. An internal oscillator initiates the turn on of the high side power switch. The error amplifier output

is compared to the high side power switch current. When the power switch current reaches the level set by the

COMP voltage, the power switch is turned off. The COMP pin voltage will increase and decrease as the output

current increases and decreases. The device implements a current limit by clamping the COMP pin voltage to a

maximum level. The Eco-Mode™ is implemented with a minimum clamp on the COMP pin.

Slope Compensation Output Current

The TPS54060 adds a compensating ramp to the switch current signal. This slope compensation prevents

sub-harmonic oscillations. The available peak inductor current remains constant over the full duty cycle range.

Pulse Skip Eco-Mode

The TPS54060 operates in a pulse skip Eco mode at light load currents to improve efficiency by reducing

switching and gate drive losses. The TPS54060 is designed so that if the output voltage is within regulation and

the peak switch current at the end of any switching cycle is below the pulse skipping current threshold, the

device enters Eco mode. This current threshold is the current level corresponding to a nominal COMP voltage or

500mV.

When in Eco-mode, the COMP pin voltage is clamped at 500mV and the high side MOSFET is inhibited. Further

decreases in load current or in output voltage can not drive the COMP pin below this clamp voltage level.

Since the device is not switching, the output voltage begins to decay. As the voltage control loop compensates

for the falling output voltage, the COMP pin voltage begins to rise. At this time, the high side MOSFET is enabled

and a switching pulse initiates on the next switching cycle. The peak current is set by the COMP pin voltage. The

output voltage re-charges the regulated value (see Figure 25), then the peak switch current starts to decrease,

and eventually falls below the Eco mode threshold at which time the device again enters Eco mode.

For Eco mode operation, the TPS54060 senses peak current, not average or load current, so the load current

where the device enters Eco mode is dependent on the output inductor value. For example, the circuit in

Figure 50 enters Eco mode at about 20 mA of output current. When the load current is low and the output

voltage is within regulation, the device enters a sleep mode and draws only 116mA input quiescent current. The

internal PLL remains operating when in sleep mode. When operating at light load currents in the pulse skip

mode, the switching transitions occur synchronously with the external clock signal.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

VOUT(ac)

TPS54060

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SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

Figure 25. Pulse Skip Mode Operation

Low Dropout Operation and Bootstrap Voltage (BOOT)

The TPS54060 has an integrated boot regulator, and requires a small ceramic capacitor between the BOOT and

PH pins to provide the gate drive voltage for the high side MOSFET. The BOOT capacitor is refreshed when the

high side MOSFET is off and the low side diode conducts. The value of this ceramic capacitor should be 0.1mF.

A ceramic capacitor with an X7R or X5R grade dielectric with a voltage rating of 10V or higher is recommended

because of the stable characteristics overtemperature and voltage.

To improve drop out, the TPS54060 is designed to operate at 100% duty cycle as long as the BOOT to PH pin

voltage is greater than 2.1V. When the voltage from BOOT to PH drops below 2.1V, the high side MOSFET is

turned off using an UVLO circuit which allows the low side diode to conduct and refresh the charge on the BOOT

capacitor. Since the supply current sourced from the BOOT capacitor is low, the high side MOSFET can remain

on for more switching cycles than are required to refresh the capacitor, thus the effective duty cycle of the

switching regulator is high.

The effective duty cycle during dropout of the regulator is mainly influenced by the voltage drops across the

power MOSFET, inductor resistance, low side diode and printed circuit board resistance. During operating

conditions in which the input voltage drops and the regulator is operating in continuous conduction mode, the

high side MOSFET can remain on for 100% of the duty cycle to maintain output regulation, until the BOOT to PH

voltage falls below 2.1V.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

4.6

4.8

5.2

5.4

5.6

0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

I -OutputCurrent- A

V -InputVoltage-V

V =5V

Start

Stop

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

I -OutputCurrent- A

V -InputVoltage-V

V =3.3V

Start

Stop

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

www.ti.com

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

Attention must be taken in maximum duty cycle applications which experience extended time periods with light

loads or no load. When the voltage across the BOOT capacitor falls below the 2.1V UVLO threshold, the high

side MOSFET is turned off, but there may not be enough inductor current to pull the PH pin down to recharge the

BOOT capacitor. The high side MOSFET of the regulator stops switching because the voltage across the BOOT

capacitor is less than 2.1V. The output capacitor then decays until the difference in the input voltage and output

voltage is greater than 2.1V, at which point the BOOT UVLO threshold is exceeded, and the device starts

switching again until the desired output voltage is reached. This operating condition persists until the input

voltage and/or the load current increases. It is recommended to adjust the VIN stop voltage greater than the

BOOT UVLO trigger condition at the minimum load of the application using the adjustable VIN UVLO feature with

resistors on the EN pin.

The start and stop voltages for typical 3.3V and 5V output applications are shown in Figure 26 and Figure 27.

The voltages are plotted versus load current. The start voltage is defined as the input voltage needed to regulate

the output within 1%. The stop voltage is defined as the input voltage at which the output drops by 5% or stops

switching.

During high duty cycle conditions, the inductor current ripple increases while the BOOT capacitor is being

recharged resulting in an increase in ripple voltage on the output. This is due to the recharge time of the boot

capacitor being longer than the typical high side off time when switching occurs every cycle.

Figure 26. 3.3V Start/Stop Voltage Figure 27. 5.0V Start/Stop Voltage

Error Amplifier

The TPS54060 has a transconductance amplifier for the error amplifier. The error amplifier compares the

VSENSE voltage to the lower of the SS/TR pin voltage or the internal 0.8V voltage reference. The

transconductance (gm) of the error amplifier is 97mA/V during normal operation. During the slow start operation,

the transconductance is a fraction of the normal operating gm. When the voltage of the VSENSE pin is below

0.8V and the device is regulating using the SS/TR voltage, the gm is 25mA/V.

The frequency compensation components (capacitor, series resistor and capacitor) are added to the COMP pin

to ground.

Voltage Reference

The voltage reference system produces a precise ±2% voltage reference over temperature by scaling the output

of a temperature stable bandgap circuit.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

Vout 0.8V

R1 = R2

0.8 V

æ ö

´ç ÷

è ø

VIN

TPS54060

Ihys

0.9 Am

1.25V

2.9 Am

START STOP

HYS

V V

ENA

START ENA

R2 V V I

TPS54060

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SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

Adjusting the Output Voltage

The output voltage is set with a resistor divider from the output node to the VSENSE pin. It is recommended to

use 1% tolerance or better divider resistors. Start with a 10 kΩfor the R2 resistor and use the Equation 1 to

calculate R1. To improve efficiency at light loads consider using larger value resistors. If the values are too high

the regulator will be more susceptible to noise and voltage errors from the VSENSE input current will be

noticeable

(1)

Enable and Adjusting Undervoltage Lockout

The TPS54060 is disabled when the VIN pin voltage falls below 2.5 V. If an application requires a higher

undervoltage lockout (UVLO), use the EN pin as shown in Figure 28 to adjust the input voltage UVLO by using

the two external resistors. Though it is not necessary to use the UVLO adjust registers, for operation it is highly

recommended to provide consistent power up behavior. The EN pin has an internal pull-up current source, I1, of

0.9mA that provides the default condition of the TPS54060 operating when the EN pin floats. Once the EN pin

voltage exceeds 1.25V, an additional 2.9mA of hysteresis, Ihys, is added. This additional current facilitates input

voltage hysteresis. Use Equation 2 to set the external hysteresis for the input voltage. Use Equation 3 to set the

input start voltage.

Figure 28. Adjustable Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)

(2)

(3)

Another technique to add input voltage hysteresis is shown in Figure 29. This method may be used, if the

resistance values are high from the previous method and a wider voltage hysteresis is needed. The resistor R3

sources additional hysteresis current into the EN pin.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

Ihys

VIN

TPS54060

VOUT

0.9 Am

2.9 Am

1.25V

START STOP

OUT

HYS

V V

R1 V

ENA

START ENA ENA

R2 V V V

R1 R3

+ -

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

www.ti.com

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

Figure 29. Adding Additional Hysteresis

(4)

(5)

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

Tss(ms) Iss( A)

Css(nF) = Vref (V) 0.8

m´

SS/TR

VSENSE

VOUT

TPS54060

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SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

Slow Start/Tracking Pin (SS/TR)

The TPS54060 effectively uses the lower voltage of the internal voltage reference or the SS/TR pin voltage as

the power-supply's reference voltage and regulates the output accordingly. A capacitor on the SS/TR pin to

ground implements a slow start time. The TPS54060 has an internal pull-up current source of 2mA that charges

the external slow start capacitor. The calculations for the slow start time (10% to 90%) are shown in Equation 6.

The voltage reference (VREF) is 0.8 V and the slow start current (ISS) is 2mA. The slow start capacitor should

remain lower than 0.47mF and greater than 0.47nF.

(6)

At power up, the TPS54060 will not start switching until the slow start pin is discharged to less than 40 mV to

ensure a proper power up, see Figure 30.

Also, during normal operation, the TPS54060 will stop switching and the SS/TR must be discharged to 40 mV,

when the VIN UVLO is exceeded, EN pin pulled below 1.25V, or a thermal shutdown event occurs.

The VSENSE voltage will follow the SS/TR pin voltage with a 45mV offset up to 85% of the internal voltage

reference. When the SS/TR voltage is greater than 85% on the internal reference voltage the offset increases as

the effective system reference transitions from the SS/TR voltage to the internal voltage reference (see

Figure 23). The SS/TR voltage will ramp linearly until clamped at 1.7V.

Figure 30. Operation of SS/TR Pin when Starting

Overload Recovery Circuit

The TPS54060 has an overload recovery (OLR) circuit. The OLR circuit will slow start the output from the

overload voltage to the nominal regulation voltage once the fault condition is removed. The OLR circuit will

discharge the SS/TR pin to a voltage slightly greater than the VSENSE pin voltage using an internal pull down of

100mA when the error amplifier is changed to a high voltage from a fault condition. When the fault condition is

removed, the output will slow start from the fault voltage to nominal output voltage.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

SS /TR

TPS54060

PWRGD

SS /TR

EN PWRGD

EN1

PWRGD1

VOUT1

VOUT2

EN1,EN2

VOUT1

VOUT2

TPS54160

SS/TR

PWRGD

TPS54160

SS/TR4

PWRGD

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

www.ti.com

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

Sequencing

Many of the common power supply sequencing methods can be implemented using the SS/TR, EN and PWRGD

pins. The sequential method can be implemented using an open drain output of a power on reset pin of another

device. The sequential method is illustrated in Figure 31 using two TPS54060 devices. The power good is

coupled to the EN pin on the TPS54060 which will enable the second power supply once the primary supply

reaches regulation. If needed, a 1nF ceramic capacitor on the EN pin of the second power supply will provide a

1ms start up delay. Figure 32 shows the results of Figure 31.

Figure 31. Schematic for Sequential Start-Up Figure 32. Sequential Startup using EN and

Sequence PWRGD

Figure 33. Schematic for Ratiometric Start-Up Figure 34. Ratio-Metric Startup using Coupled

Sequence SS/TR pins

Figure 33 shows a method for ratio-metric start up sequence by connecting the SS/TR pins together. The

regulator outputs will ramp up and reach regulation at the same time. When calculating the slow start time the

pull up current source must be doubled in Equation 6.Figure 34 shows the results of Figure 33.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

SS/TR

TPS54060

PWRGD

SS/ TR

PWRGD

VOUT 1

VOUT 2

R 1

R 2

R 4

TPS54060

www.ti.com

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

Figure 35. Schematic for Ratiometric and Simultaneous Start-Up Sequence

Ratio-metric and simultaneous power supply sequencing can be implemented by connecting the resistor network

of R1 and R2 shown in Figure 35 to the output of the power supply that needs to be tracked or another voltage

reference source. Using Equation 7 and Equation 8, the tracking resistors can be calculated to initiate the Vout2

slightly before, after or at the same time as Vout1. Equation 9 is the voltage difference between Vout1 and Vout2

at the 95% of nominal output regulation.

The deltaV variable is zero volts for simultaneous sequencing. To minimize the effect of the inherent SS/TR to

VSENSE offset (Vssoffset) in the slow start circuit and the offset created by the pullup current source (Iss) and

tracking resistors, the Vssoffset and Iss are included as variables in the equations.

To design a ratio-metric start up in which the Vout2 voltage is slightly greater than the Vout1 voltage when Vout2

reaches regulation, use a negative number in Equation 7 through Equation 9 for deltaV. Equation 9 will result in a

positive number for applications which the Vout2 is slightly lower than Vout1 when Vout2 regulation is achieved.

Since the SS/TR pin must be pulled below 40mV before starting after an EN, UVLO or thermal shutdown fault,

careful selection of the tracking resistors is needed to ensure the device will restart after a fault. Make sure the

calculated R1 value from Equation 7 is greater than the value calculated in Equation 10 to ensure the device can

recover from a fault.

As the SS/TR voltage becomes more than 85% of the nominal reference voltage the Vssoffset becomes larger

as the slow start circuits gradually handoff the regulation reference to the internal voltage reference. The SS/TR

pin voltage needs to be greater than 1.3V for a complete handoff to the internal voltage reference as shown in

Figure 23.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

Vout2 + deltaV Vssoffset

R1 =

VREF Iss

VREF R1

R2 =

Vout2 + deltaV VREF

deltaV = Vout1 Vout2-

R1 > 2800 Vout1 180 deltaV´ - ´

VOUT1

VOUT2

VOUT1

VOUT2

VOUT1

VOUT2

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

www.ti.com

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

Figure 36. Ratio-metric Startup with Tracking Figure 37. Ratiometric Startup with Tracking

Resistors Resistors

Figure 38. Simultaneous Startup With Tracking Resistor

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

RT kOhm

sw kHz 1.0888

206033

( ) =

¦ ( )

100

200

300

400

500

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

RT/CLK-Resistance-kW

f -SwitchingFrequency-kHz

1200

V =12V,

T =25°C

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

f -SwitchingFrequency-kHz

RT/CLK-ClockResistance-kW

V =12V,

T =25°C

TPS54060

www.ti.com

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

Constant Switching Frequency and Timing Resistor (RT/CLK Pin)

The switching frequency of the TPS54060 is adjustable over a wide range from approximately 100kHz to

2500kHz by placing a resistor on the RT/CLK pin. The RT/CLK pin voltage is typically 0.5V and must have a

resistor to ground to set the switching frequency. To determine the timing resistance for a given switching

frequency, use Equation 11 or the curves in Figure 39 or Figure 40. To reduce the solution size one would

typically set the switching frequency as high as possible, but tradeoffs of the supply efficiency, maximum input

voltage and minimum controllable on time should be considered.

The minimum controllable on time is typically 130ns and limits the maximum operating input voltage.

The maximum switching frequency is also limited by the frequency shift circuit. More discussion on the details of

the maximum switching frequency is located below.

(11)

SWITCHING FREQUENCY SWITCHING FREQUENCY

vs vs

RT/CLK RESISTANCE HIGH FREQUENCY RANGE RT/CLK RESISTANCE LOW FREQUENCY RANGE

Figure 39. High Range RT Figure 40. Low Range RT

Overcurrent Protection and Frequency Shift

The TPS54060 implements current mode control which uses the COMP pin voltage to turn off the high side

MOSFET on a cycle by cycle basis. Each cycle the switch current and COMP pin voltage are compared, when

the peak switch current intersects the COMP voltage, the high side switch is turned off. During overcurrent

conditions that pull the output voltage low, the error amplifier will respond by driving the COMP pin high,

increasing the switch current. The error amplifier output is clamped internally, which functions as a switch current

limit.

To increase the maximum operating switching frequency at high input voltages the TPS54060 implements a

frequency shift. The switching frequency is divided by 8, 4, 2, and 1 as the voltage ramps from 0 to 0.8 volts on

VSENSE pin.

The device implements a digital frequency shift to enable synchronizing to an external clock during normal

startup and fault conditions. Since the device can only divide the switching frequency by 8, there is a maximum

input voltage limit in which the device operates and still have frequency shift protection.

During short-circuit events (particularly with high input voltage applications), the control loop has a finite minimum

controllable on time and the output has a low voltage. During the switch on time, the inductor current ramps to

the peak current limit because of the high input voltage and minimum on time. During the switch off time, the

inductor would normally not have enough off time and output voltage for the inductor to ramp down by the ramp

up amount. The frequency shift effectively increases the off time allowing the current to ramp down.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

( ) ( )

( )

L OUT

SW max skip ON IN L

I Rdc V Vd

t V I Rhs Vd

æ ö

´ + +

æ ö

= ´ ç ÷

ç ÷ ç ÷

- ´ +

è ø è ø

( ) ( )

L OUTSC

SW hift ON IN L

(I Rdc V Vd)

div

t V I x Rhs Vd

æ ö

´ + +

= ´ ç ÷

ç ÷

- +

è ø

Skip

Shift

10 20 30 40 50 60

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

f -SwitchingFrequency-kHz

V -InputVoltage-V

V =3.3V

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

www.ti.com

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

Selecting the Switching Frequency

The switching frequency that is selected should be the lower value of the two equations, Equation 12 and

Equation 13.Equation 12 is the maximum switching frequency limitation set by the minimum controllable on time.

Setting the switching frequency above this value will cause the regulator to skip switching pulses.

Equation 13 is the maximum switching frequency limit set by the frequency shift protection. To have adequate

output short circuit protection at high input voltages, the switching frequency should be set to be less than the

fsw(maxshift) frequency. In Equation 13, to calculate the maximum switching frequency one must take into

account that the output voltage decreases from the nominal voltage to 0 volts, the fdiv integer increases from 1 to

8 corresponding to the frequency shift.

In Figure 41, the solid line illustrates a typical safe operating area regarding frequency shift and assumes the

output voltage is zero volts, and the resistance of the inductor is 0.130Ω, FET on resistance of 0.2Ωand the

diode voltage drop is 0.5V. The dashed line is the maximum switching frequency to avoid pulse skipping. Enter

these equations in a spreadsheet or other software or use the SwitcherPro design software to determine the

switching frequency.

(12)

(13)

ILinductor current

Rdc inductor resistance

VIN maximum input voltage

VOUT output voltage

VOUTSC output voltage during short

Vd diode voltage drop

RDS(on) switch on resistance

tON controllable on time

ƒDIV frequency divide equals (1, 2, 4, or 8)

Figure 41. Maximum Switching Frequency vs. Input Voltage

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

RT/CLK

TPS54060

Clock

Source

PLL

Rfset

10pF 4kW

50 W

EXT

TPS54060

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SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

How to Interface to RT/CLK Pin

The RT/CLK pin can be used to synchronize the regulator to an external system clock. To implement the

synchronization feature connect a square wave to the RT/CLK pin through the circuit network shown in

Figure 42. The square wave amplitude must transition lower than 0.5V and higher than 2.2V on the RT/CLK pin

and have an on time greater than 40 ns and an off time greater than 40 ns. The synchronization frequency range

is 300 kHz to 2200 kHz. The rising edge of the PH will be synchronized to the falling edge of RT/CLK pin signal.

The external synchronization circuit should be designed in such a way that the device will have the default

frequency set resistor connected from the RT/CLK pin to ground should the synchronization signal turn off. It is

recommended to use a frequency set resistor connected as shown in Figure 42 through a 50Ωresistor to

ground. The resistor should set the switching frequency close to the external CLK frequency. It is recommended

to ac couple the synchronization signal through a 10 pF ceramic capacitor to RT/CLK pin and a 4kΩseries

resistor. The series resistor reduces PH jitter in heavy load applications when synchronizing to an external clock

and in applications which transition from synchronizing to RT mode. The first time the CLK is pulled above the

CLK threshold the device switches from the RT resistor frequency to PLL mode. The internal 0.5V voltage source

is removed and the CLK pin becomes high impedance as the PLL starts to lock onto the external signal. Since

there is a PLL on the regulator the switching frequency can be higher or lower than the frequency set with the

external resistor. The device transitions from the resistor mode to the PLL mode and then will increase or

decrease the switching frequency until the PLL locks onto the CLK frequency within 100 microseconds.

When the device transitions from the PLL to resistor mode the switching frequency will slow down from the CLK

frequency to 150 kHz, then reapply the 0.5V voltage and the resistor will then set the switching frequency. The

switching frequency is divided by 8, 4, 2, and 1 as the voltage ramps from 0 to 0.8 volts on VSENSE pin. The

device implements a digital frequency shift to enable synchronizing to an external clock during normal startup

and fault conditions. Figure 43,Figure 44 and Figure 45 show the device synchronized to an external system

clock in continuous conduction mode (ccm) discontinuous conduction (dcm) and pulse skip mode (psm).

Figure 42. Synchronizing to a System Clock

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

EXT

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

www.ti.com

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

Figure 43. Plot of Synchronizing in ccm Figure 44. Plot of Synchronizing in dcm

Figure 45. Plot of Synchronizing in PSM

Power Good (PWRGD Pin)

The PWRGD pin is an open drain output. Once the VSENSE pin is between 94% and 107% of the internal

voltage reference the PWRGD pin is de-asserted and the pin floats. It is recommended to use a pull-up resistor

between the values of 10 and 100kΩto a voltage source that is 5.5V or less. The PWRGD is in a defined state

once the VIN input voltage is greater than 1.5V but with reduced current sinking capability. The PWRGD will

achieve full current sinking capability as VIN input voltage approaches 3V.

The PWRGD pin is pulled low when the VSENSE is lower than 92% or greater than 109% of the nominal internal

reference voltage. Also, the PWRGD is pulled low, if the UVLO or thermal shutdown are asserted or the EN pin

pulled low.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

VSENSE

COMP

C2 R2

CO RO gmea

97 A/Vm

0.8V

PowerStage

gm 1.9 A/V

RESR

COUT

TPS54060

www.ti.com

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

Overvoltage Transient Protection

The TPS54060 incorporates an overvoltage transient protection (OVTP) circuit to minimize voltage overshoot

when recovering from output fault conditions or strong unload transients on power supply designs with low value

output capacitance. For example, when the power supply output is overloaded the error amplifier compares the

actual output voltage to the internal reference voltage. If the VSENSE pin voltage is lower than the internal

reference voltage for a considerable time, the output of the error amplifier will respond by clamping the error

amplifier output to a high voltage. Thus, requesting the maximum output current. Once the condition is removed,

the regulator output rises and the error amplifier output transitions to the steady state duty cycle. In some

applications, the power supply output voltage can respond faster than the error amplifier output can respond, this

actuality leads to the possibility of an output overshoot. The OVTP feature minimizes the output overshoot, when

using a low value output capacitor, by implementing a circuit to compare the VSENSE pin voltage to OVTP

threshold which is 109% of the internal voltage reference. If the VSENSE pin voltage is greater than the OVTP

threshold, the high side MOSFET is disabled preventing current from flowing to the output and minimizing output

overshoot. When the VSENSE voltage drops lower than the OVTP threshold, the high side MOSFET is allowed

to turn on at the next clock cycle.

Thermal Shutdown

The device implements an internal thermal shutdown to protect itself if the junction temperature exceeds 182°C.

The thermal shutdown forces the device to stop switching when the junction temperature exceeds the thermal

trip threshold. Once the die temperature decreases below 182°C, the device reinitiates the power up sequence

by discharging the SS/TR pin.

Small Signal Model for Loop Response

Figure 46 shows an equivalent model for the TPS54060 control loop which can be modeled in a circuit simulation

program to check frequency response and dynamic load response. The error amplifier is a transconductance

amplifier with a gmEA of 97 mA/V. The error amplifier can be modeled using an ideal voltage controlled current

source. The resistor Roand capacitor Comodel the open loop gain and frequency response of the amplifier. The

1mV ac voltage source between the nodes a and b effectively breaks the control loop for the frequency response

measurements. Plotting c/a shows the small signal response of the frequency compensation. Plotting a/b shows

the small signal response of the overall loop. The dynamic loop response can be checked by replacing RLwith a

current source with the appropriate load step amplitude and step rate in a time domain analysis. This equivalent

model is only valid for continuous conduction mode designs.

Figure 46. Small Signal Model for Loop Response

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

RESR

COUT

gmps

Adc

OUT

VAdc

æ ö

ç ÷

p ´

è ø

= ´ æ ö

ç ÷

p ´

è ø

ps L

Adc = gm R´

OUT L

C R 2

´ ´ p

OUT ESR

C R 2

´ ´ p

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

www.ti.com

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

Simple Small Signal Model for Peak Current Mode Control

Figure 47 describes a simple small signal model that can be used to understand how to design the frequency

compensation. The TPS54060 power stage can be approximated to a voltage-controlled current source (duty

cycle modulator) supplying current to the output capacitor and load resistor. The control to output transfer

function is shown in Equation 14 and consists of a dc gain, one dominant pole, and one ESR zero. The quotient

of the change in switch current and the change in COMP pin voltage (node c in Figure 46) is the power stage

transconductance. The gmPS for the TPS54060 is 1.9A/V. The low-frequency gain of the power stage frequency

response is the product of the transconductance and the load resistance as shown in Equation 15.

As the load current increases and decreases, the low-frequency gain decreases and increases, respectively. This

variation with the load may seem problematic at first glance, but fortunately the dominant pole moves with the

load current (see Equation 16). The combined effect is highlighted by the dashed line in the right half of

Figure 47. As the load current decreases, the gain increases and the pole frequency lowers, keeping the 0-dB

crossover frequency the same for the varying load conditions which makes it easier to design the frequency

compensation. The type of output capacitor chosen determines whether the ESR zero has a profound effect on

the frequency compensation design. Using high ESR aluminum electrolytic capacitors may reduce the number

frequency compensation components needed to stabilize the overall loop because the phase margin increases

from the ESR zero at the lower frequencies (see Equation 17).

Figure 47. Simple Small Signal Model and Frequency Response for Peak Current Mode Control

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

Small Signal Model for Frequency Compensation

The TPS54060 uses a transconductance amplifier for the error amplifier and readily supports three of the

commonly-used frequency compensation circuits. Compensation circuits Type 2A, Type 2B, and Type 1 are

shown in Figure 48. Type 2 circuits most likely implemented in high bandwidth power-supply designs using low

ESR output capacitors. The Type 1 circuit is used with power-supply designs with high-ESR aluminum

electrolytic or tantalum capacitors.. Equation 18 and Equation 19 show how to relate the frequency response of

the amplifier to the small signal model in Figure 48. The open-loop gain and bandwidth are modeled using the RO

and COshown in Figure 48. See the application section for a design example using a Type 2A network with a

low ESR output capacitor.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

Vref

R2 CO

gmea COMP

VSENSE

Type2A Type2B Type1

Z1 P2

Aol

TPS54060

www.ti.com

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

Equation 18 through Equation 27 are provided as a reference for those who prefer to compensate using the

preferred methods. Those who prefer to use prescribed method use the method outlined in the application

section or use switched information.

Figure 48. Types of Frequency Compensation

Figure 49. Frequency Response of the Type 2A and Type 2B Frequency Compensation

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

Aol(V/V)

Ro = gm

p ´

C = 2 BW (Hz)

f f

P1 P2

EA A0

s s

1 1

2 2

æ ö

ç ÷

p ´

è ø

= ´ æ ö æ ö

+ ´ +

ç ÷ ç ÷

p ´ p ´

è ø è ø

A0 = gm Ro R1 + R2

´ ´

A1 = gm Ro| | R3 R1 + R2

´ ´

2 Ro C1

p ´ ´

2 R3 C1

p ´ ´

O O

P2 = type 2a

2 R3 | | R (C2 + C )

p ´ ´

O O

P2 = type 2b

2 R3 | | R C

p ´ ´

O O

P2 = type 1

2 R (C2 + C )

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

www.ti.com

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

(18)

(19)

(20)

(21)

(22)

(23)

(24)

(25)

(26)

(27)

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

TPS54060

www.ti.com

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

APPLICATION INFORMATION

Design Guide — Step-By-Step Design Procedure

This example details the design of a high frequency switching regulator design using ceramic output capacitors.

A few parameters must be known in order to start the design process. These parameters are typically determined

at the system level. For this example, we will start with the following known parameters:

Output Voltage 3.3 V

Transient Response 0 to 1.5A load step ΔVout = 4%

Maximum Output Current 0.5 A

Input Voltage 34 V nom. 12V to 48 V

Output Voltage Ripple 1% of Vout

Start Input Voltage (rising VIN) 8.9 V

Stop Input Voltage (falling VIN) 7.9 V

Selecting the Switching Frequency

The first step is to decide on a switching frequency for the regulator. Typically, the user will want to choose the

highest switching frequency possible since this will produce the smallest solution size. The high switching

frequency allows for lower valued inductors and smaller output capacitors compared to a power supply that

switches at a lower frequency. The switching frequency that can be selected is limited by the minimum on-time of

the internal power switch, the input voltage and the output voltage and the frequency shift limitation.

Equation 12 and Equation 13 must be used to find the maximum switching frequency for the regulator, choose

the lower value of the two equations. Switching frequencies higher than these values will result in pulse skipping

or the lack of overcurrent protection during a short circuit.

The typical minimum on time, tonmin, is 130 ns for the TPS54060. For this example, the output voltage is 3.3 V

and the maximum input voltage is 48 V, which allows for a maximum switch frequency up to 616 kHz when

including the inductor resistance, on resistance and diode voltage in Equation 12. To ensure overcurrent

runaway is not a concern during short circuits in your design use Equation 13 or the solid curve in Figure 41 to

determine the maximum switching frequency. With a maximum input voltage of 48 V, assuming a diode voltage

of 0.5 V, inductor resistance of 130mΩ, switch resistance of 400mΩ, a current limit value of 0.94 A and a short

circuit output voltage of 0.1V. The maximum switching frequency is approximately 923 kHz.

Choosing the lower of the two values and adding some margin a switching frequency of 500kHz is used. To

determine the timing resistance for a given switching frequency, use Equation 11 or the curve in Figure 39.

The switching frequency is set by resistor R3shown in Figure 50.

Figure 50. High Frequency, 3.3V Output Power Supply Design with Adjusted UVLO.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

IND

Vinmax Vout Vout

Lo min = Io K Vinmax ƒsw

´ ´

( )

=´ ´ f

OUT OUT

RIPPLE

O SW

V Vin max - V

Vin max L

( ) ( ) 2

2OUT OUT

L(rms) O

O SW

V Vinmax - V

I I 12 Vinmax L

æ ö

= + ´ ç ÷

ç ÷

´ ´

è ø

Iripple

IoutILpeak +=

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

www.ti.com

Output Inductor Selection (LO)

To calculate the minimum value of the output inductor, use Equation 28.

KIND is a coefficient that represents the amount of inductor ripple current relative to the maximum output current.

The inductor ripple current will be filtered by the output capacitor. Therefore, choosing high inductor ripple

currents will impact the selection of the output capacitor since the output capacitor must have a ripple current

rating equal to or greater than the inductor ripple current. In general, the inductor ripple value is at the discretion

of the designer; however, the following guidelines may be used.

For designs using low ESR output capacitors such as ceramics, a value as high as KIND = 0.3 may be used.

When using higher ESR output capacitors, KIND = 0.2 yields better results. Since the inductor ripple current is

part of the PWM control system, the inductor ripple current should always be greater than 30 mA for dependable

operation. In a wide input voltage regulator, it is best to choose an inductor ripple current on the larger side. This

allows the inductor to still have a measurable ripple current with the input voltage at its minimum.

For this design example, use KIND = 0.3 and the minimum inductor value is calculated to be 39.7 mH. For this

design, a nearest standard value was chosen: 47mH. For the output filter inductor, it is important that the RMS

current and saturation current ratings not be exceeded. The RMS and peak inductor current can be found from

Equation 30 and Equation 31.

For this design, the RMS inductor current is 0.501 A and the peak inductor current is 0.563 A. The chosen

inductor is a MSS1048-473ML. It has a saturation current rating of 1.44 A and an RMS current rating of 1.83A.

As the equation set demonstrates, lower ripple currents will reduce the output voltage ripple of the regulator but

will require a larger value of inductance. Selecting higher ripple currents will increase the output voltage ripple of

the regulator but allow for a lower inductance value.

The current flowing through the inductor is the inductor ripple current plus the output current. During power up,

faults or transient load conditions, the inductor current can increase above the calculated peak inductor current

level calculated above. In transient conditions, the inductor current can increase up to the switch current limit of

the device. For this reason, the most conservative approach is to specify an inductor with a saturation current

rating equal to or greater than the switch current limit rather than the peak inductor current.

(28)

(29)

(30)

(31)

Output Capacitor

There are three primary considerations for selecting the value of the output capacitor. The output capacitor will

determine the modulator pole, the output voltage ripple, and how the regulators responds to a large change in

load current. The output capacitance needs to be selected based on the more stringent of these three criteria.

The desired response to a large change in the load current is the first criteria. The output capacitor needs to

supply the load with current when the regulator can not. This situation would occur if there are desired hold-up

times for the regulator where the output capacitor must hold the output voltage above a certain level for a

specified amount of time after the input power is removed. The regulator also will temporarily not be able to

supply sufficient output current if there is a large, fast increase in the current needs of the load such as

transitioning from no load to a full load. The regulator usually needs two or more clock cycles for the control loop

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

2 Iout

Cout >

sw Vout

´ D

¦ ´ D

( )

2 2

Ioh Iol

Cout > Lo

V Vi

¦ -

1 1

ORIPPLE

RIPPLE

Cout > V

8 sw

´ ¦

TPS54060

www.ti.com

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

to see the change in load current and output voltage and adjust the duty cycle to react to the change. The output

capacitor must be sized to supply the extra current to the load until the control loop responds to the load change.

The output capacitance must be large enough to supply the difference in current for 2 clock cycles while only

allowing a tolerable amount of droop in the output voltage. Equation 32 shows the minimum output capacitance

necessary to accomplish this.

Where ΔIout is the change in output current, ƒsw is the regulators switching frequency and ΔVout is the

allowable change in the output voltage. For this example, the transient load response is specified as a 4%

change in Vout for a load step from 0A (no load) to 0.5 A (full load). For this example, ΔIout = 0.5-0 = 0.5 A and

ΔVout = 0.04 × 3.3 = 0.132 V. Using these numbers gives a minimum capacitance of 15.2mF. This value does

not take the ESR of the output capacitor into account in the output voltage change. For ceramic capacitors, the

ESR is usually small enough to ignore in this calculation. Aluminum electrolytic and tantalum capacitors have

higher ESR that should be taken into account.

The catch diode of the regulator can not sink current so any stored energy in the inductor will produce an output

voltage overshoot when the load current rapidly decreases, see Figure 51. The output capacitor must also be

sized to absorb energy stored in the inductor when transitioning from a high load current to a lower load current.

The excess energy that gets stored in the output capacitor will increase the voltage on the capacitor. The

capacitor must be sized to maintain the desired output voltage during these transient periods. Equation 33 is

used to calculate the minimum capacitance to keep the output voltage overshoot to a desired value. Where L is

the value of the inductor, IOH is the output current under heavy load, IOL is the output under light load, VF is the

final peak output voltage, and Vi is the initial capacitor voltage. For this example, the worst case load step will be

from 0.5 A to 0 A. The output voltage will increase during this load transition and the stated maximum in our

specification is 4% of the output voltage. This will make Vf = 1.04 × 3.3 = 3.432. Vi is the initial capacitor voltage

which is the nominal output voltage of 3.3 V. Using these numbers in Equation 33 yields a minimum capacitance

of 13.2mF.

Equation 34 calculates the minimum output capacitance needed to meet the output voltage ripple specification.

Where fsw is the switching frequency, Voripple is the maximum allowable output voltage ripple, and Iripple is the

inductor ripple current. Equation 34 yields 1mF.

Equation 35 calculates the maximum ESR an output capacitor can have to meet the output voltage ripple

specification. Equation 35 indicates the ESR should be less than 248mΩ.

The most stringent criteria for the output capacitor is 15.2mF of capacitance to keep the output voltage in

regulation during an load transient.

Additional capacitance de-ratings for aging, temperature and dc bias should be factored in which will increase

this minimum value. For this example, a 47 mF 10V X5R ceramic capacitor with 5 mΩof ESR will be used.

Capacitors generally have limits to the amount of ripple current they can handle without failing or producing

excess heat. An output capacitor that can support the inductor ripple current must be specified. Some capacitor

data sheets specify the Root Mean Square (RMS) value of the maximum ripple current. Equation 36 can be used

to calculate the RMS ripple current the output capacitor needs to support. For this application, Equation 36 yields

37.7 mA.

(32)

(33)

(34)

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

ORIPPLE

ESR

RIPPLE

Vout (Vin max Vout)

Icorms = 12 Vin max Lo sw

´ -

´ ´ ´ ¦

( )2

´ ´

- ´ ´ Cj ƒsw Vin + Vƒd

(Vin max Vout) Iout Vƒd

Pd = + 2

Vin max

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

www.ti.com

(35)

(36)

Catch Diode

The TPS54060 requires an external catch diode between the PH pin and GND. The selected diode must have a

reverse voltage rating equal to or greater than Vinmax. The peak current rating of the diode must be greater than

the maximum inductor current. The diode should also have a low forward voltage. Schottky diodes are typically a

good choice for the catch diode due to their low forward voltage. The lower the forward voltage of the diode, the

higher the efficiency of the regulator.

Typically, the higher the voltage and current ratings the diode has, the higher the forward voltage will be. Since

the design example has an input voltage up to 48V, a diode with a minimum of 60V reverse voltage will be

selected.

For the example design, the B160A Schottky diode is selected for its lower forward voltage and it comes in a

larger package size which has good thermal characteristics over small devices. The typical forward voltage of the

B160A is 0.50 volts.

The diode must also be selected with an appropriate power rating. The diode conducts the output current during

the off-time of the internal power switch. The off-time of the internal switch is a function of the maximum input

voltage, the output voltage, and the switching frequency. The output current during the off-time is multiplied by

the forward voltage of the diode which equals the conduction losses of the diode. At higher switch frequencies,

the ac losses of the diode need to be taken into account. The ac losses of the diode are due to the charging and

discharging of the junction capacitance and reverse recovery. Equation 37 is used to calculate the total power

dissipation, conduction losses plus ac losses, of the diode.

The B160A has a junction capacitance of 110pF. Using Equation 37, the selected diode will dissipate 0.297

Watts. This power dissipation, depending on mounting techniques, should produce a 5.9°C temperature rise in

the diode when the input voltage is 48V and the load current is 0.5A.

If the power supply spends a significant amount of time at light load currents or in sleep mode consider using a

diode which has a low leakage current and slightly higher forward voltage drop.

(37)

Input Capacitor

The TPS54060 requires a high quality ceramic, type X5R or X7R, input decoupling capacitor of at least 3 mF of

effective capacitance and in some applications a bulk capacitance. The effective capacitance includes any dc

bias effects. The voltage rating of the input capacitor must be greater than the maximum input voltage. The

capacitor must also have a ripple current rating greater than the maximum input current ripple of the TPS54060.

The input ripple current can be calculated using Equation 38.

The value of a ceramic capacitor varies significantly over temperature and the amount of dc bias applied to the

capacitor. The capacitance variations due to temperature can be minimized by selecting a dielectric material that

is stable over temperature. X5R and X7R ceramic dielectrics are usually selected for power regulator capacitors

because they have a high capacitance to volume ratio and are fairly stable over temperature. The output

capacitor must also be selected with the dc bias taken into account. The capacitance value of a capacitor

decreases as the dc bias across a capacitor increases.

For this example design, a ceramic capacitor with at least a 60V voltage rating is required to support the

maximum input voltage. Common standard ceramic capacitor voltage ratings include 4V, 6.3V, 10V, 16V, 25V,

50V or 100V so a 100V capacitor should be selected. For this example, two 2.2mF, 100V capacitors in parallel

have been selected. Table 1 shows a selection of high voltage capacitors. The input capacitance value

determines the input ripple voltage of the regulator. The input voltage ripple can be calculated using Equation 39.

Using the design example values, Ioutmax = 0.5 A, Cin = 4.4mF, ƒsw = 500 kHz, yields an input voltage ripple of

57 mV and a rms input ripple current of 0.223A.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

( )

Vin min Vout

Vout

Icirms = Iout

Vin min Vin min

´ ´

Iout max 0.25

ΔVin =

Cin sw

´ ¦

Cout Vout 0.8

Tss > Issavg

´ ´

TPS54060

www.ti.com

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

(38)

(39)

Table 1. Capacitor Types

VENDOR VALUE (mF) EIA Size VOLTAGE DIALECTRIC COMMENTS

1.0 to 2.2 100 V

1210 GRM32 series

1.0 to 4.7 50 V

Murata 1.0 100 V

1206 GRM31 series

1.0 to 2.2 50 V

1.0 10 1.8 50 V

2220

1.0 to 1.2 100 V

Vishay VJ X7R series

1.0 to 3.9 50 V

2225

1.0 to 1.8 100 V X7R

1.0 to 2.2 100 V

1812 C series C4532

1.5 to 6.8 50 V

TDK 1.0. to 2.2 100 V

1210 C series C3225

1.0 to 3.3 50 V

1.0 to 4.7 50 V

1210

1.0 100 V

AVX X7R dielectric series

1.0 to 4.7 50 V

1812

1.0 to 2.2 100 V

Slow Start Capacitor

The slow start capacitor determines the minimum amount of time it will take for the output voltage to reach its

nominal programmed value during power up. This is useful if a load requires a controlled voltage slew rate. This

is also used if the output capacitance is large and would require large amounts of current to quickly charge the

capacitor to the output voltage level. The large currents necessary to charge the capacitor may make the

TPS54060 reach the current limit or excessive current draw from the input power supply may cause the input

voltage rail to sag. Limiting the output voltage slew rate solves both of these problems.

The slow start time must be long enough to allow the regulator to charge the output capacitor up to the output

voltage without drawing excessive current. Equation 40 can be used to find the minimum slow start time, tss,

necessary to charge the output capacitor, Cout, from 10% to 90% of the output voltage, Vout, with an average

slow start current of Issavg. In the example, to charge the 47mF output capacitor up to 3.3V while only allowing

the average input current to be 0.125A would require a 1 ms slow start time.

Once the slow start time is known, the slow start capacitor value can be calculated using Equation 6. For the

example circuit, the slow start time is not too critical since the output capacitor value is 47mF which does not

require much current to charge to 3.3V. The example circuit has the slow start time set to an arbitrary value of

3.2ms which requires a 0.01 mF capacitor.

(40)

Bootstrap Capacitor Selection

A 0.1-mF ceramic capacitor must be connected between the BOOT and PH pins for proper operation. It is

recommended to use a ceramic capacitor with X5R or better grade dielectric. The capacitor should have a 10V

or higher voltage rating.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

Ioutmax

p mod = 2 × × Vout × Cout

¦p

z mod =

2 Resr × Cout

¦´ p ´

p z

f f f= ´

co mod mod

f f= ´

co mod

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

www.ti.com

Under Voltage Lock Out Set Point

The Under Voltage Lock Out (UVLO) can be adjusted using an external voltage divider on the EN pin of the

TPS54060. The UVLO has two thresholds, one for power up when the input voltage is rising and one for power

down or brown outs when the input voltage is falling. For the example design, the supply should turn on and start

switching once the input voltage increases above 8.9V (enabled). After the regulator starts switching, it should

continue to do so until the input voltage falls below 7.9V (UVLO stop).

The programmable UVLO and enable voltages are set using a resistor divider between Vin and ground to the EN

pin. Equation 2 through Equation 3 can be used to calculate the resistance values necessary. For the example

application, a 332kΩbetween Vin and EN and a 56.2kΩbetween EN and ground are required to produce the 8.9

and 7.9 volt start and stop voltages.

Output Voltage and Feedback Resistors Selection

For the example design, 10.0 kΩwas selected for R2. Using Equation 1, R1 is calculated as 31.25 kΩ. The

nearest standard 1% resistor is 31.6 kΩ. Due to current leakage of the VSENSE pin, the current flowing through

the feedback network should be greater than 1 mA in order to maintain the output voltage accuracy. This

requirement makes the maximum value of R2 equal to 800 kΩ. Choosing higher resistor values will decrease

quiescent current and improve efficiency at low output currents but may introduce noise immunity problems.

Compensation

There are several methods used to compensate DC/DC regulators. The method presented here is easy to

calculate and ignores the effects of the slope compensation that is internal to the device. Since the slope

compensation is ignored, the actual cross over frequency will usually be lower than the cross over frequency

used in the calculations. This method assume the crossover frequency is between the modulator pole and the

esr zero and the esr zero is at least 10 times greater the modulator pole. Use SwitcherPro software for a more

accurate design.

To get started, the modulator pole, fpmod, and the esr zero, fz1 must be calculated using Equation 41 and

Equation 42. For Cout, use a derated value of 40 mf. Use equations Equation 43 and Equation 44, to estimate a

starting point for the crossover frequency, fco, to design the compensation. For the example design, fpmod is

603 Hz and fzmod is 796 kHz. Equation 43 is the geometric mean of the modulator pole and the esr zero and

Equation 44 is the mean of modulator pole and the switching frequency. Equation 43 yields 21.9 kHz and

Equation 44 gives 12.3 kHz. Use the lower value of Equation 43 or Equation 44 for an initial crossover frequency.

For this example, fco is 12.3kHz. Next, the compensation components are calculated. A resistor in series with a

capacitor is used to create a compensating zero. A capacitor in parallel to these two components forms the

compensating pole.

(41)

(42)

(43)

(44)

To determine the compensation resistor, R4, use Equation 45. Assume the power stage transconductance,

gmps, is 1.9A/V. The output voltage, Vo, reference voltage, VREF, and amplifier transconductance, gmea, are

3.3V, 0.8V and 92mA/V, respectively. R4 is calculated to be 72.6 kΩ, use the nearest standard value of 73.2kΩ.

Use Equation 46 to set the compensation zero to the modulator pole frequency. Equation 46 yields 3600pF for

compensating capacitor C7, a 3300pF is used on the board.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

gmps gmea

pæ ö

æ ö

´ ´ ´

= ´ç ÷

ç ÷ ´

è ø è ø

co out out

ref

C V

2fp

´ ´ ´ p

C7 R4 mod

Re´

C sr

´ ´

TPS54060

www.ti.com

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

(45)

(46)

Use the larger value of Equation 47 and Equation 48 to calculate the C8, to set the compensation pole.

Equation 48 yields 8.7pF so the nearest standard of 10pF is used.

(47)

(48)

Discontinuous Mode and Eco Mode Boundary

With an input voltage of 34V, the power supply enters discontinuous mode when the output current is less than

60mA. The power supply enters EcoMode when the output current is lower than 38mA.

The input current draw at no load is 228mA.

APPLICATION CURVES

Figure 51. Load Transient Figure 52. Startup With VIN

Figure 53. Output Ripple CCM Figure 54. Output Ripple, DCM

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

100

0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40

I -OutputCurrent- A

Efficiency-%

0.45 0.50

V =24V

V =3.3V

OUT

V =42

V =12V

V =34V

V =18V

100 1-103

-60

-40

-150

-100

-50

100

150

f-Frequency-Hz

Gain-dB

Phase- o

1-1041-1051-106

-20

Phase

Gain

100

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08

I -OutputCurrent- A

Efficiency-%

0.10

Vin=12V

Vin=24V

Vin=34V

Vin=42V

Vin=18V

V =3.3V

OUT

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

www.ti.com

Figure 55. Output Ripple, PSM Figure 56. Input Ripple CCM

Figure 57. Input Ripple DCM Figure 58. Efficiency vs Load Current

Figure 59. Light Load Efficiency Figure 60. Overall Loop Frequency Response

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0.02

10 45 60

Regulation(%)

V -InputVoltage-V

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

403530252015 5550

I =0.25 A

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

0.04

0.06

0.1

0.00 0.25 0.1 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.4 0.45 0.5

LoadCurrent- A

Regulation(%)

0.15 0.35

V =34V

-0.02

-0.04

0.02

0.08

TPS54060

www.ti.com

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

Figure 61. Regulation vs Load Current Figure 62. Regulation vs Input Voltage

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

DS(on)

Vout

Pcon = Io R Vin

´ ´

2 9

Psw = Vin sw lo 0.25 10-

´ ¦ ´ ´ ´

Pgd = Vin 3 10 sw

´ ´ ´ ¦

Pq = 116 10 Vin

´ ´

Ptot = Pcon + Psw + Pgd + Pq

TJ = TA + Rth Ptot´

TAmax = TJmax Rth Ptot- ´

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

www.ti.com

Power Dissipation Estimate

The following formulas show how to estimate the IC power dissipation under continuous conduction mode (CCM)

operation. These equations should not be used if the device is working in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM).

The power dissipation of the IC includes conduction loss (Pcon), switching loss (Psw), gate drive loss (Pgd) and

supply current (Pq).

(49)

(50)

(51)

(52)

Where:

IOUT is the output current (A).

RDS(on) is the on-resistance of the high-side MOSFET (Ω).

VOUT is the output voltage (V).

VIN is the input voltage (V).

fsw is the switching frequency (Hz).

(53)

For given TA,(54)

For given TJMAX = 150°C (55)

Where:

Ptot is the total device power dissipation (W).

TAis the ambient temperature (°C).

TJis the junction temperature (°C).

Rth is the thermal resistance of the package (°C/W).

TJMAX is maximum junction temperature (°C).

TAMAX is maximum ambient temperature (°C).

There will be additional power losses in the regulator circuit due to the inductor ac and dc losses, the catch diode

and trace resistance that will impact the overall efficiency of the regulator.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

BOOT

VIN

SS/TR

RT/CLK

GND

COMP

VSENSE

PWRGD

Input

Bypass

Capacitor

UVLO

Adjust

Resistors

SlowStart

Capacitor Frequency

SetResistor

Compensation

Network Resistor

Divider

Output

Inductor

Output

Capacitor

Vout

Vin

Topside

Ground

Area Catch

Diode

RouteBootCapacitor

Traceonanotherlayerto

providewidepathfor

topsideground

ThermalVIA

SignalVIA

TPS54060

www.ti.com

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

Layout

Layout is a critical portion of good power supply design. There are several signals paths that conduct fast

changing currents or voltages that can interact with stray inductance or parasitic capacitance to generate noise

or degrade the power supplies performance. To help eliminate these problems, the VIN pin should be bypassed

to ground with a low ESR ceramic bypass capacitor with X5R or X7R dielectric. Care should be taken to

minimize the loop area formed by the bypass capacitor connections, the VIN pin, and the anode of the catch

diode. See Figure 63 for a PCB layout example. The GND pin should be tied directly to the power pad under the

IC and the power pad.

The power pad should be connected to any internal PCB ground planes using multiple vias directly under the IC.

The PH pin should be routed to the cathode of the catch diode and to the output inductor. Since the PH

connection is the switching node, the catch diode and output inductor should be located close to the PH pins,

and the area of the PCB conductor minimized to prevent excessive capacitive coupling. For operation at full rated

load, the top side ground area must provide adequate heat dissipating area. The RT/CLK pin is sensitive to noise

so the RT resistor should be located as close as possible to the IC and routed with minimal lengths of trace. The

additional external components can be placed approximately as shown. It may be possible to obtain acceptable

performance with alternate PCB layouts, however this layout has been shown to produce good results and is

meant as a guideline.

Figure 63. PCB Layout Example

Estimated Circuit Area

The estimated printed circuit board area for the components used in the design of Figure 50 is 0.55 in2. This area

does not include test points or connectors.

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

VIN

GND

BOOT

VSENSE

COMP

TPS54060

RT/CLK

SS/TR

Cpole

Czero

Rcomp

Css

Cboot

Cin

VIN

VOUT

GND

VIN

GND

BOOT

VSENSE

COMP

TPS54060

RT/CLK

SS/TR

Cpole

Czero

Rcomp

Css

Coneg

Cboot

Cin

VIN

VONEG

GND

VOPOS

Copos

TPS54060

SLVS919A –JANUARY 2009–REVISED JULY 2010

www.ti.com

Figure 64. Inverting Power Supply from the SLVA317 Application Note

Figure 65. Split Rail Power Supply Based on the SLVA369 Application Note

SPACER REVISION HISTORY

Changes from Original (January 2009) to Revision A Page

• Added the DRC package option to the Features and Description. ....................................................................................... 1

• Updated the ORDERING INFORMATION table to include the DRC package option .......................................................... 2

• Replaced the PACKAGE DISSIPATION RATINGS table with the Thermal Information Table ........................................... 3

• Added the DRC Pin Configuration ........................................................................................................................................ 5

• Updated Figure 64 .............................................................................................................................................................. 40

• Added Figure 65 ................................................................................................................................................................. 40

Product Folder Link(s): TPS54060

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com 9-Feb-2012

Addendum-Page 1

PACKAGING INFORMATION

Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package

Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/

Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) Samples

(Requires Login)

TPS54060DGQ ACTIVE MSOP-

PowerPAD DGQ 10 80 Green (RoHS

& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAUAGLevel-1-260C-UNLIM

TPS54060DGQR ACTIVE MSOP-

PowerPAD DGQ 10 2500 Green (RoHS

& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM

TPS54060DRCR ACTIVE SON DRC 10 3000 Green (RoHS

& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM

TPS54060DRCT ACTIVE SON DRC 10 250 Green (RoHS

& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM

(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:

ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.

LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.

NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.

PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.

OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.

(2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability

information and additional product content details.

TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.

Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that

lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.

Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between

the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.

Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight

in homogeneous material)

(3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.

Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information

provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and

continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.

TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.

In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.

OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF TPS54060 :

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com 9-Feb-2012

Addendum-Page 2

•Automotive: TPS54060-Q1

NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions:

•Automotive - Q100 devices qualified for high-reliability automotive applications targeting zero defects

TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION

*All dimensions are nominal

Device Package

Type Package

Drawing Pins SPQ Reel

Diameter

(mm)

Reel

Width

W1 (mm)

(mm) B0

(mm) K0

(mm) P1

(mm) W

(mm) Pin1

Quadrant

TPS54060DGQR MSOP-

Power

PAD

DGQ 10 2500 330.0 12.4 5.3 3.3 1.3 8.0 12.0 Q1

TPS54060DRCR SON DRC 10 3000 330.0 12.4 3.3 3.3 1.0 8.0 12.0 Q2

TPS54060DRCT SON DRC 10 250 180.0 12.4 3.3 3.3 1.0 8.0 12.0 Q2

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION

www.ti.com 19-Jun-2012

Pack Materials-Page 1

*All dimensions are nominal

Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)

TPS54060DGQR MSOP-PowerPAD DGQ 10 2500 346.0 346.0 35.0

TPS54060DRCR SON DRC 10 3000 346.0 346.0 35.0

TPS54060DRCT SON DRC 10 250 203.0 203.0 35.0

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION

www.ti.com 19-Jun-2012

Pack Materials-Page 2

IMPORTANT NOTICE

Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any semiconductor

product or service without notice, and advises its customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information

to verify, before placing orders, that the information being relied on is current and complete.

TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products and related software to the specifications applicable at

the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are

utilized to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each

device is not necessarily performed, except those mandated by government requirements.

Certain applications using semiconductor products may involve potential risks of death, personal injury, or

severe property or environmental damage (“Critical Applications”).

TI SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED, INTENDED, AUTHORIZED, OR WARRANTED

TO BE SUITABLE FOR USE IN LIFE-SUPPORT APPLICATIONS, DEVICES OR SYSTEMS OR OTHER

CRITICAL APPLICATIONS.

Inclusion of TI products in such applications is understood to be fully at the risk of the customer. Use of TI

products in such applications requires the written approval of an appropriate TI officer. Questions concerning

potential risk applications should be directed to TI through a local SC sales office.

In order to minimize risks associated with the customer’s applications, adequate design and operating

safeguards should be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards.

TI assumes no liability for applications assistance, customer product design, software performance, or

infringement of patents or services described herein. Nor does TI warrant or represent that any license, either

express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property

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