Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2001
May, 2001 – Rev. 1 1Publication Order Number:
1N4678/D
1N4678 Series
500 mW DO-35 Hermetically
Sealed Glass Zener Voltage
Regulators
This is a complete series of 500 mW Zener diodes with limits and
excellent operating characteristics that reflect the superior capabilities
of silicon–oxide passivated junctions. All this in an axial–lead
hermetically sealed glass package that offers protection in all common
environmental conditions.
Specification Features:
•Zener Voltage Range – 1.8 V to 27 V
•ESD Rating of Class 3 (>16 KV) per Human Body Model
•DO–204AH (DO–35) Package – Smaller than Conventional
DO–204AA Package
•Double Slug Type Construction
•Metallurgical Bonded Construction
Mechanical Characteristics:
CASE: Double slug type, hermetically sealed glass
FINISH: All external surfaces are corrosion resistant and leads are
readily solderable
MAXIMUM LEAD TEMPERATURE FOR SOLDERING PURPOSES:
230°C, 1/16″ from the case for 10 seconds
POLARITY: Cathode indicated by polarity band
MOUNTING POSITION: Any
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Note 1.)
Rating Symbol Value Unit
Max. Steady State Power Dissipation
@ TL ≤ 75°C, Lead Length = 3/8″
Derate above 75°C
PD500
4.0
mW
mW/°C
Operating and Storage
Temperature Range TJ, Tstg –65 to
+200 °C
1. Some part number series have lower JEDEC registered ratings.
Device Package Shipping
ORDERING INFORMATION
1N4xxx Axial Lead 3000 Units/Box
1N4xxxRL Axial Lead
AXIAL LEAD
CASE 299
GLASS
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5000/Tape & Reel
Cathode Anode
1N4xxxRL2 * Axial Lead 5000/Tape & Reel
1N4xxxTA Axial Lead 5000/Ammo Pack
* The “2” suffix refers to 26 mm tape spacing.
Polarity band up with cathode lead off first
Polarity band down with cathode lead off first
L
1N
4x
xx
YWW
L = Assembly Location
1N4xxx = Device Code
= (See Table Next Page)
Y = Year
WW = Work Week
1N4xxxTA2 * Axial Lead 5000/Tape & Reel
1N4xxxRR1 Axial Lead 3000/Tape & Reel
1N4xxxRR2 Axial Lead 3000/Tape & Reel
MARKING DIAGRAM
Devices listed in
bold, italic
are ON Semiconductor
Preferred devices. Preferred devices are recommended
choices for future use and best overall value.
Zener Voltage Regulator
IF
V
I
IR
IZT
VR
VZVF
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Low level oxide passivated zener diodes for applications
requiring extremely low operating currents, low leakage,
and sharp breakdown voltage.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25°C unless
otherwise noted, VF = 1.5 V Max @ IF = 100 mA for all types)
Symbol Parameter
VZReverse Zener Voltage @ IZT
IZT Reverse Current
VZReverse Zener Voltage Change
IZM Maximum Zener Current
IRReverse Leakage Current @ VR
VRBreakdown Voltage
IFForward Current
VFForward Voltage @ IF
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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TL = 30°C unless otherwise noted, VF = 1.5 V Max @ IF = 100 mA for all types)
Zener Voltage (Note 3.) Leakage Current (Note 4.)
IZM
VZ
Device
Device
VZ (Volts) @ IZT IR @ VR
I
ZM
(Note 5.)
V
Z
(Note 6.)
D
ev
i
ce
(Note 2.)
D
ev
i
ce
Marking Min Nom Max AµA Max Volts mA Volts
1N4678 1N4678 1.71 1.8 1.89 50 7.5 1 120 0.7
1N4679 1N4679 1.9 2.0 2.1 50 5 1 110 0.7
1N4680 1N4680 2.09 2.2 2.31 50 5 1 100 0.75
1N4681 1N4681 2.28 2.4 2.52 50 2 1 95 0.8
1N4682 1N4682 2.565 2.7 2.835 50 1 1 90 0.85
1N4683 1N4683 2.85 3.0 3.15 50 0.8 1 85 0.9
1N4684 1N4684 3.135 3.3 3.465 50 7.5 1.5 80 0.95
1N4685 1N4685 3.42 3.6 3.78 50 7.5 2 75 0.95
1N4686 1N4686 3.705 3.9 4.095 50 5.0 2 70 0.97
1N4687 1N4687 4.085 4.3 4.515 50 4.0 2 65 0.99
1N4688 1N4688 4.465 4.7 4.935 50 10 3 60 0.99
1N4689 1N4689 4.845 5.1 5.355 50 10 3 55 0.97
1N4690 1N4690 5.32 5.6 5.88 50 10 4 50 0.96
1N4691 1N4691 5.89 6.2 6.51 50 10 5 45 0.95
1N4692 1N4692 6.46 6.8 7.14 50 10 5.1 35 0.9
1N4693 1N4693 7.125 7.5 7.875 50 10 5.7 31.8 0.75
1N4694 1N4694 7.79 8.2 8.61 50 1 6.2 29 0.5
1N4695 1N4695 8.265 8.7 9.135 50 1 6.6 27.4 0.1
1N4696 1N4696 8.645 9.1 9.555 50 1 6.9 26.2 0.08
1N4697 1N4697 9.5 10 10.5 50 1 7.6 24.8 0.1
1N4698 1N4698 10.45 11 11.55 50 0.05 8.4 21.6 0.11
1N4699 1N4699 11.4 12 12.6 50 0.05 9.1 20.4 0.12
1N4700 1N4700 12.35 13 13.65 50 0.05 9.8 19 0.13
1N4701 1N4701 13.3 14 14.7 50 0.05 10.6 17.5 0.14
1N4702 1N4702 14.25 15 15.75 50 0.05 11.4 16.3 0.15
1N4703 1N4703 15.2 16 16.8 50 0.05 12.1 15.4 0.16
1N4704 1N4704 16.15 17 17.85 50 0.05 12.9 14.5 0.17
1N4705 1N4705 17.1 18 18.9 50 0.05 13.6 13.2 0.18
1N4707 1N4707 19 20 21 50 0.01 15.2 11.9 0.2
1N4711 1N4711 25.65 27 28.35 50 0.01 20.4 8.8 0.27
2. TOLERANCE AND TYPE NUMBER DESIGNATION (VZ)
The type numbers listed have a standard tolerance of ±5% on the nominal zener voltage.
3. ZENER VOLTAGE (VZ) MEASUREMENT
The zener voltage is measured with the device junction in the thermal equilibrium at the lead temperature (T L) at 30°C ± 1°C and 3/8″ lead
length.
4. REVERSE LEAKAGE CURRENT (IR)
Reverse leakage currents are guaranteed and measured at VR shown on the table.
5. MAXIMUM ZENER CURRENT RATINGS (IZM)
Maximum zener current ratings are based on maximum zener voltage of the individual units and JEDEC 250 mW rating.
6. MAXIMUM VOLTAGE CHANGE (VZ)
Voltage change is equal to the difference between VZ at 100 A and at 10 A.
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0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
TL, LEAD TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 1. Steady State Power Derating
HEAT
SINKS
3/8" 3/8"
PD, STEADY STATE
POWER DISSIPATION (WATTS)
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APPLICATION NOTE — ZENER VOLTAGE
Since the actual voltage available from a given zener
diode is temperature dependent, it is necessary to determine
junction temperature under any set of operating conditions
in order to calculate its value. The following procedure is
recommended:
Lead Temperature, TL, should be determined from:
TL = θLAPD + TA.
θLA is the lead-to-ambient thermal resistance (°C/W) and PD
is the power dissipation. The value for θLA will vary and
depends o n the device mounting method. θLA is generally 30
to 40°C/W for the various clips and tie points in common use
and for printed circuit board wiring.
The temperature of the lead can also be measured using a
thermocouple placed on the lead as close as possible to the
tie point. The thermal mass connected to the tie point is
normally large enough so that it will not significantly
respond to heat surges generated in the diode as a result of
pulsed operation once steady-state conditions are achieved.
Using the measured value of TL, the junction temperature
may be determined by:
TJ = TL + ∆TJL.
∆TJL is the increase in junction temperature above the lead
temperature and may be found from Figure 2 for dc power:
∆TJL = θJLPD.
For worst-case design, using expected limits of IZ, limits
of PD and the extremes of TJ(∆TJ) may be estimated.
Changes in voltage, VZ, can then be found from:
∆V = θVZTJ.
θVZ, the zener voltage temperature coefficient, is found
from Figures 4 and 5.
Under high power-pulse operation, the zener voltage will
vary with time and may also be affected significantly by the
zener resistance. For best regulation, keep current
excursions as low as possible.
Surge limitations are given in Figure 7. They are lower
than would be expected by considering only junction
temperature, as current crowding effects cause temperatures
to be extremely high in small spots, resulting in device
degradation should the limits of Figure 7 be exceeded.
LL
500
400
300
200
100
00 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
2.4-60V
62-200V
L, LEAD LENGTH TO HEAT SINK (INCH)
JL , JUNCTIONTOLEAD THERMAL RESISTANCE ( C/W)θ°
Figure 2. Typical Thermal Resistance
TYPICAL LEAKAGE CURRENT
AT 80% OF NOMINAL
BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE
+25°C
+125°C
1000
7000
5000
2000
1000
700
500
200
100
70
50
20
10
7
5
2
1
0.7
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.07
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.007
0.005
0.002
0.001 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 1112131415
VZ, NOMINAL ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
I , LEAKAGE CURRENT ( A)µ
R
Figure 3. Typical Leakage Current
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6
+12
+10
+8
+6
+4
+2
0
-2
-4 2345 678 9101112
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 4a. Range for Units to 12 Volts
VZ@IZT
(NOTE 2)
RANGE
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS
(–55°C to +150°C temperature range; 90% of the units are in the ranges indicated.)
100
70
50
30
20
10
7
5
3
2
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 10 20 30 50 70 100
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 4b. Range for Units 12 to 100 Volts
RANGE VZ@IZ(NOTE 2)
120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
200
180
160
140
120
100
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 4c. Range for Units 120 to 200 Volts
VZ@IZT
(NOTE 2)
+6
+4
+2
0
-2
-4
3 4 56 78
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 5. Effect of Zener Current
NOTE: BELOW 3 VOLTS AND ABOVE 8 VOLTS
NOTE: CHANGES IN ZENER CURRENT DO NOT
NOTE: AFFECT TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS
1mA
0.01mA
VZ@IZ
TA=25°C
1000
C, CAPACITANCE (pF)
500
200
100
50
20
10
5
2
1
1 2 5 10 20 50 100
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 6a. Typical Capacitance 2.4–100 Volts
TA=25°C
0V BIAS
1V BIAS
50% OF
VZBIAS
100
70
50
30
20
10
7
5
3
2
1
120 140 160 180 190 200 220
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 6b. Typical Capacitance 120–200 Volts
TA=25°C
1VOLTBIAS
50% OF VZBIAS
0 BIAS
θVZ, TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mV/°C)
20mA
C, CAPACITANCE (pF) θVZ, TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mV/°C)θVZ, TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mV/°C)
θVZ, TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mV/°C)
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100
70
50
30
20
10
7
5
3
2
1
0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000
Ppk , PEAK SURGE POWER (WATTS)
PW, PULSE WIDTH (ms)
5% DUTY CYCLE
10% DUTY CYCLE
20% DUTY CYCLE
11V-91V NONREPETITIVE
1.8V-10V NONREPETITIVE
RECTANGULAR
WAVEFORM
TJ=25°C PRIOR TO
INITIAL PULSE
Figure 7a. Maximum Surge Power 1.8–91 Volts
1000
700
500
300
200
100
70
50
30
20
10
7
5
3
2
1
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Ppk , PEAK SURGE POWER (WATTS)
PW, PULSE WIDTH (ms)
Figure 7b. Maximum Surge Power DO-204AH
100–200 Volts
1000
500
200
100
50
20
10
1
2
5
0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 50 100
IZ, ZENER CURRENT (mA)
Figure 8. Effect of Zener Current on
Zener Impedance
ZZ, DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE (OHMS)
ZZ, DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE (OHMS)
1000
700
500
200
100
70
50
20
10
7
5
2
1
1 2 3 5 7 10 20 30 50 70 100
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 9. Effect of Zener Voltage on Zener Impedance Figure 10. Typical Forward Characteristics
RECTANGULAR
WAVEFORM, TJ=25°C
100-200VOLTS NONREPETITIVE
TJ=25°C
iZ(rms)=0.1 IZ(dc)
f=60Hz
IZ=1mA
5mA
20mA
TJ=25°C
iZ(rms)=0.1 IZ(dc)
f=60Hz
VZ=2.7V
47V
27V
6.2V
VF, FORWARD VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
1000
500
200
100
50
20
10
5
2
1
IF, FORWARD CURRENT (mA)
MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
150°C
75°C
0°C
25°C
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Figure 11. Zener Voltage versus Zener Current — VZ = 1 thru 16 Volts
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
IZ, ZENER CURRENT (mA)
20
10
1
0.1
0.01
1 23456 7 8 910111213141516
TA=25°
Figure 12. Zener Voltage versus Zener Current — VZ = 15 thru 30 Volts
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
10
1
0.1
0.01
TA=25°
IZ, ZENER CURRENT (mA)
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Figure 13. Zener Voltage versus Zener Current — VZ = 30 thru 105 Volts
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
10
1
0.1
0.01
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Figure 14. Zener Voltage versus Zener Current — VZ = 110 thru 220 Volts
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260
10
1
0.1
0.01
TA=25°
65 105
IZ, ZENER CURRENT (mA)IZ, ZENER CURRENT (mA)
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OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
500 mW DO–35 Glass
Zener Voltage Regulators – Axial Leaded
GLASS DO–35/D0–204AH
CASE 299–02
ISSUE A
NOTES:
1. PACKAGE CONTOUR OPTIONAL WITHIN A AND B
HEAT SLUGS, IF ANY, SHALL BE INCLUDED
WITHIN THIS CYLINDER, BUT NOT SUBJECT TO
THE MINIMUM LIMIT OF B.
2. LEAD DIAMETER NOT CONTROLLED IN ZONE F
TO ALLOW FOR FLASH, LEAD FINISH BUILDUP
AND MINOR IRREGULARITIES OTHER THAN
HEAT SLUGS.
3. POLARITY DENOTED BY CATHODE BAND.
4. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
All JEDEC dimensions and notes apply.
DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX
INCHESMILLIMETERS
A3.05 5.08 0.120 0.200
B1.52 2.29 0.060 0.090
D0.46 0.56 0.018 0.022
F--- 1.27 --- 0.050
K25.40 38.10 1.000 1.500
B
D
K
K
F
F
A
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Notes
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1N4678/D
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