Order this document by LM317/D The LM317 is an adjustable 3-terminal positive voltage regulator capable of supplying in excess of 1.5 A over an output voltage range of 1.2 V to 37 V. This voltage regulator is exceptionally easy to use and requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage. Further, it employs internal current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe area compensation, making it essentially blow-out proof. The LM317 serves a wide variety of applications including local, on card regulation. This device can also be used to make a programmable output regulator, or by connecting a fixed resistor between the adjustment and output, the LM317 can be used as a precision current regulator. * Output Current in Excess of 1.5 A * * * * * * * THREE-TERMINAL ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE VOLTAGE REGULATOR SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA Output Adjustable between 1.2 V and 37 V Internal Thermal Overload Protection Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting Constant with Temperature Output Transistor Safe-Area Compensation Floating Operation for High Voltage Applications Available in Surface Mount D2PAK, and Standard 3-Lead Transistor Package Eliminates Stocking many Fixed Voltages T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 221A Heatsink surface connected to Pin 2. 1 2 3 Pin 1. Adjust 2. Vout 3. Vin Standard Application Vin Vout LM317 R1 240 IAdj Adjust Cin* 0.1 F + C ** O 1.0 F R2 1 2 3 Heatsink surface (shown as terminal 4 in case outline drawing) is connected to Pin 2. ** Cin is required if regulator is located an appreciable distance from power supply filter. ** CO is not needed for stability, however, it does improve transient response. V out D2T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 936 (D2PAK) + 1.25 V 1 ) R ) IAdj R2 R2 1 Since IAdj is controlled to less than 100 A, the error associated with this term is negligible in most applications. ORDERING INFORMATION Device LM317BD2T LM317BT Operating Temperature Range TJ = - 40 to +125C LM317D2T LM317T Surface Mount Insertion Mount Surface Mount TJ = 0 to +125C Motorola, Inc. 1996 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA Package Insertion Mount Rev 1 1 LM317 MAXIMUM RATINGS Rating Input-Output Voltage Differential Symbol Value Unit VI-VO 40 Vdc PD JA JC Internally Limited 65 5.0 W C/W C/W PD JA JC Internally Limited 70 5.0 W C/W C/W TJ - 40 to +125 C Tstg - 65 to +150 C Power Dissipation Case 221A TA = +25C Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case Case 936 (D2PAK) TA = +25C Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case Operating Junction Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VI-VO = 5.0 V; IO = 0.5 A for D2T and T packages; TJ = Tlow to Thigh [Note 1]; Imax and Pmax [Note 2]; unless otherwise noted.) Characteristics Figure Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Line Regulation (Note 3), TA = +25C, 3.0 V VI-VO 40 V 1 Regline - 0.01 0.04 %/V Load Regulation (Note 3), TA = +25C, 10 mA IO Imax VO 5.0 V VO 5.0 V 2 Regload - - 5.0 0.1 25 0.5 mV % VO Regtherm - 0.03 0.07 % VO/W 3 IAdj - 50 100 A 1, 2 IAdj - 0.2 5.0 A Reference Voltage, 3.0 V VI-VO 40 V, 10 mA IO Imax, PD Pmax 3 Vref 1.2 1.25 1.3 V Line Regulation (Note 3), 3.0 V VI-VO 40 V 1 Regline - 0.02 0.07 %V Load Regulation (Note 3), 10 mA IO Imax VO 5.0 V VO 5.0 V 2 Regload - - 20 0.3 70 1.5 mV % VO Temperature Stability (Tlow TJ Thigh) 3 TS - 0.7 - % VO Minimum Load Current to Maintain Regulation (VI-VO = 40 V) 3 ILmin - 3.5 10 mA Maximum Output Current VI-VO 15 V, PD Pmax, T Package VI-VO = 40 V, PD Pmax, TA = +25C, T Package 3 Imax 1.5 0.15 2.2 0.4 - - - 0.003 - - 66 65 80 - - S - 0.3 1.0 %/1.0 k Hrs. RJC - 5.0 - C/W Thermal Regulation, TA = +25C (Note 6), 20 ms Pulse Adjustment Pin Current Adjustment Pin Current Change, 2.5 V VI-VO 40 V, 10 mA IL Imax, PD Pmax RMS Noise, % of VO, TA = +25C, 10 Hz f 10 kHz N Ripple Rejection, VO = 10 V, f = 120 Hz (Note 4) Without CAdj CAdj = 10 F 4 Long-Term Stability, TJ = Thigh (Note 5), TA = +25C for Endpoint Measurements 3 Thermal Resistance Junction to Case, T Package A RR % VO dB NOTES: 1. Tlow to Thigh = 0 to +125C, for LM317T, D2T. Tlow to Thigh = - 40 to +125C, for LM317BT, BD2T. 2. Imax = 1.5 A, Pmax = 20 W 3. Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used. 4. CAdj, when used, is connected between the adjustment pin and ground. 5. Since Long-Term Stability cannot be measured on each device before shipment, this specification is an engineering estimate of average stability from lot to lot. 6. Power dissipation within an IC voltage regulator produces a temperature gradient on the die, affecting individual IC components on the die. These effects can be minimized by proper integrated circuit design and layout techniques. Thermal Regulation is the effect of these temperature gradients on the output voltage and is expressed in percentage of output change per watt of power change in a specified time. 2 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA LM317 Representative Schematic Diagram Vin 31 0 310 230 5.6k 120 6.3V 170 125k 160 12k 5.0pF 6.7k 13k 200 12.4k 6.8k 135 510 6.3V 30 pF 30 pF 2.4k 105 12.5k 4.0 6.3V 190 3.6k 5.8k 110 5.1k 0.1 Vout Adjust This device contains 29 active transistors. Figure 1. Line Regulation and IAdj/Line Test Circuit VCC + VIH VIL * |V Line Regulation (% V) -V | OH OL x 100 |V | OL VOH VOL Vout Vin LM317 * Pulse testing required. * 1% Duty Cycle * is suggested. Adjust Cin 0.1 F IAdj R1 240 1% + CO 1.0 F RL R2 1% MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 3 LM317 Figure 2. Load Regulation and IAdj/Load Test Circuit VI Vin Vout IL LM317 Adjust Cin R1 RL (max Load) 240 1% * + 0.1 F CO IAdj VO (min Load) VO (max Load) RL (min Load) 1.0 F * Pulse testing required. * 1% Duty Cycle is suggested. R2 1% Load Regulation (mV) = VO (min Load) - VO (max Load) Load Regulation (% VO) = VO (min Load) - VO (max Load) x 100 VO (min Load) Figure 3. Standard Test Circuit Vin Vout LM317 IL Adjust R1 VI Cin 0.1 F IAdj 240 1% Vref RL + CO 1.0 F VO ISET R2 1% * Pulse testing required. * 1% Duty Cycle is suggested. To Calculate R2: Vout = ISET R2 + 1.250 V To Calculate R2: Assume ISET = 5.25 mA Figure 4. Ripple Rejection Test Circuit 24 V Vout Vin 14 V f = 120 Hz LM317 Adjust Cin 240 1% R1 0.1 F D1* 1N4002 CO R2 1.65 k 1% + CAdj RL + 1.0 F Vout = 10 V VO 10 F * D1 Discharges CAdj if output is shorted to Ground. 4 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA LM317 Figure 5. Load Regulation Figure 6. Current Limit 0.4 I out , OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%) 4.0 0.2 0 IL = 0.5 A -0.2 IL = 1.5 A -0.4 Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V -0.6 3.0 TJ = 25C 2.0 150C 1.0 55C -0.8 -1.0 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) 125 150 0 10 20 30 Vin-Vout, INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc) Figure 7. Adjustment Pin Current 40 Figure 8. Dropout Voltage V in-Vout, INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc) I Adj, ADJUSTMENT PIN CURRENT ( A) 3.0 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Vout = 100 mV 1.0 A 2.0 500 mA 1.5 200 mA 20 mA 1.0 150 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 9. Temperature Stability Figure 10. Minimum Operating Current 5.0 IB, QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) 1.26 Vref, REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) IL = 1.5 A 2.5 1.25 1.24 1.23 4.5 TJ = -55C 4.0 +25C 3.5 +150C 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 1.22 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 150 0 0 10 20 30 40 Vin-Vout, INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc) 5 LM317 Figure 12. Ripple Rejection versus Output Current Figure 11. Ripple Rejection versus Output Voltage 100 RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) CAdj = 10 F 120 RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) 80 Without CAdj 60 40 Vin - Vout = 5 V IL = 500 mA f = 120 Hz TJ = 25C 20 0 0 5.0 10 15 20 25 30 35 100 CAdj = 10 F 80 Without CAdj 60 40 Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V 20 f = 120 Hz TJ = 25C 0 0.01 0.1 Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 101 Z O, OUTPUT IMPEDANCE ( ) RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) IL = 500 mA Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V TJ = 25C 80 60 40 20 CAdj = 10 F Without CAdj 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V IL = 500 mA TJ = 25C 100 10-1 Without CAdj 10-2 CAdj = 10 F 10-3 0 1.0 M 10 M 10 100 1.0 k Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) Figure 15. Line Transient Response 1.5 1.0 CL = 1.0 F; CAdj = 10 F 0.5 0 V in , INPUT VOTLAGE CHANGE (V) -0.5 Vout = 10 V IL = 50 mA TJ = 25C -1.0 -1.5 1.0 Vin 0 10 20 t, TIME (s) 6 100 k 1.0 M Figure 16. Load Transient Response 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 CL = 1.0 F; CAdj = 10 F -1.0 30 40 Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V INL = 50 mA TJ = 25C -2.0 CL = 0; Without CAdj -3.0 CL = 0; Without CAdj 0.5 10 k f, FREQUENCY (Hz) IL , LOAD CURRENT (A) Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) f, FREQUENCY (Hz) 0 10 Figure 14. Output Impedance Figure 13. Ripple Rejection versus Frequency 100 10 1.0 IO, OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 1.5 1.0 IL 0.5 0 0 10 20 30 40 t, TIME (s) MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA LM317 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION External Capacitors A 0.1 F disc or 1.0 F tantalum input bypass capacitor (Cin) is recommended to reduce the sensitivity to input line impedance. The adjustment terminal may be bypassed to ground to improve ripple rejection. This capacitor (CAdj) prevents ripple from being amplified as the output voltage is increased. A 10 F capacitor should improve ripple rejection about 15 dB at 120 Hz in a 10 V application. Although the LM317 is stable with no output capacitance, like any feedback circuit, certain values of external capacitance can cause excessive ringing. An output capacitance (CO) in the form of a 1.0 F tantalum or 25 F aluminum electrolytic capacitor on the output swamps this effect and insures stability. Basic Circuit Operation The LM317 is a 3-terminal floating regulator. In operation, the LM317 develops and maintains a nominal 1.25 V reference (Vref) between its output and adjustment terminals. This reference voltage is converted to a programming current (IPROG) by R1 (see Figure 17), and this constant current flows through R2 to ground. The regulated output voltage is given by: V out + Vref 1 ) RR2 ) IAdj R2 1 Since the current from the adjustment terminal (IAdj) represents an error term in the equation, the LM317 was designed to control IAdj to less than 100 A and keep it constant. To do this, all quiescent operating current is returned to the output terminal. This imposes the requirement for a minimum load current. If the load current is less than this minimum, the output voltage will rise. Since the LM317 is a floating regulator, it is only the voltage differential across the circuit which is important to performance, and operation at high voltages with respect to ground is possible. Protection Diodes When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to prevent the capacitors from discharging through low current points into the regulator. Figure 18 shows the LM317 with the recommended protection diodes for output voltages in excess of 25 V or high capacitance values (CO > 25 F, CAdj > 10 F). Diode D1 prevents CO from discharging thru the IC during an input short circuit. Diode D2 protects against capacitor CAdj discharging through the IC during an output short circuit. The combination of diodes D1 and D2 prevents CAdj from discharging through the IC during an input short circuit. Figure 17. Basic Circuit Configuration Vin Vout LM317 Vout + R1 Vref Adjust IPROG Figure 18. Voltage Regulator with Protection Diodes D1 IAdj R2 1N4002 Vout Vref = 1.25 V Typical Vin Vout 3.5 JUNCTION-TO-AIR (C/W) R JA, THERMAL RESISTANCE 80 PD(max) for TA = +50C 70 3.0 Free Air Mounted Vertically 60 2.0 oz. Copper L Minimum Size Pad 50 40 RJA IIII IIII IIII L 30 0 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 5.0 10 15 20 L, LENGTH OF COPPER (mm) 25 2.5 2.0 1.5 + R1 D2 CO 1N4002 CAdj PD, MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION (W) LM317 Load Regulation The LM317 is capable of providing extremely good load Cin regulation, but a few precautions are needed to obtain maximum performance. For best performance, the Adjust programming resistor (R1) should be connected as close to R2 the regulator as possible to minimize line drops which effectively appear in series with the reference, thereby degrading regulation. The ground end of R2 can be returned near the load ground to provide remote ground sensing and improve load regulation. Figure 19. D2PAK Thermal Resistance and Maximum Power Dissipation versus P.C.B. Copper Length 1.0 30 7 LM317 Figure 20. ``Laboratory'' Power Supply with Adjustable Current Limit and Output Voltage D6* 1N4002 Vin 32 V to 40 V Vout1 RSC LM317 (1) Vin1 Vin2 Iout Vout 2 LM317 (2) 240 0.1 F D1 1N4001 Adjust 1 1.0K Current Limit Adjust D2 1N4001 D5 IN4001 Adjust 2 5.0 k + Vout + 1.0 F Tantalum 10 F Voltage Adjust 1N4001 Q1 2N3822 * Diodes D1 and D2 and transistor Q2 are added to * allow adjustment of output voltage to 0 V. D3 Output Range: 0 VO 25 V Output Range: 0 IO 1.5 A D4 * D6 protects both LM317's during an input short circuit. -10 V IN4001 Q2 2N5640 -10 V Figure 21. Adjustable Current Limiter Vout +25 V LM317 Vin Figure 22. 5.0 V Electronic Shutdown Regulator D1* R1 Iout 1.25 Adjust R2 Adjust MPS2222 720 1.0 k 2N5640 Vref IDDS * D1 protects the device during an input short circuit. Figure 23. Slow Turn-On Regulator LM317 Vout R1 Iout LM317 240 Adjust 8 Figure 24. Current Regulator Vin Vout R2 TTL Control Minimum Vout = 1.25 V VSS* VO < BVDSS + 1.25 V + VSS, ILmin - IDSS < IO < 1.5 A. As shown 0 < IO < 1.0 A. Vin + 1.0 F 120 D2 1N4001 * To provide current limiting of IO to the system * ground, the source of the FET must be tied to a * negative voltage below - 1.25 V. Vref IOmax + IDSS Vout LM317 D1 1N4001 R2 100 R1 = 1N4002 Vin 1N4001 MPS2907 + 10 F IAdj Adjust 50 k + V ) ref I Adj R1 1.25 V R1 10 mA Iout 1.5 A I out + MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA LM317 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 221A-06 ISSUE Y F B C NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIM Z DEFINES A ZONE WHERE ALL BODY AND LEAD IRREGULARITIES ARE ALLOWED. SEATING PLANE -T - T S DIM A B C D F G H J K L N Q R S T U V Z 4 A Q 1 2 3 U H K Z L R V J G D INCHES MIN MAX 0.570 0.620 0.380 0.405 0.160 0.190 0.025 0.035 0.142 0.147 0.095 0.105 0.110 0.155 0.018 0.025 0.500 0.562 0.045 0.060 0.190 0.210 0.100 0.120 0.080 0.110 0.045 0.055 0.235 0.255 0.000 0.050 - 0.045 0.080 - MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 14.48 15.75 9.66 10.28 4.82 4.07 0.88 0.64 3.73 3.61 2.66 2.42 3.93 2.80 0.64 0.46 12.70 14.27 1.52 1.15 5.33 4.83 3.04 2.54 2.79 2.04 1.39 1.15 6.47 5.97 1.27 0.00 - 1.15 2.04 - N D2T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 936-03 (D2PAK) ISSUE B OPTIONAL CHAMFER A E TERMINAL 4 -T - U S K V B H F 1 2 3 M P J N D 0.010 (0.254) M L R T G C MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA NOTES: 1 DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2 CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3 TAB CONTOUR OPTIONAL WITHIN DIMENSIONS A AND K. 4 DIMENSIONS U AND V ESTABLISH A MINIMUM MOUNTING SURFACE FOR TERMINAL 4. 5 DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR GATE PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH AND GATE PROTRUSIONS NOT TO EXCEED 0.025 (0.635) MAXIMUM. DIM A B C D E F G H J K L M N P R S U V INCHES MIN MAX 0.386 0.403 0.356 0.368 0.170 0.180 0.026 0.036 0.045 0.055 0.051 REF 0.100 BSC 0.539 0.579 0.125 MAX 0.050 REF 0.000 0.010 0.088 0.102 0.018 0.026 0.058 0.078 5 _ REF 0.116 REF 0.200 MIN 0.250 MIN MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 9.804 10.236 9.042 9.347 4.318 4.572 0.660 0.914 1.143 1.397 1.295 REF 2.540 BSC 13.691 14.707 3.175 MAX 1.270 REF 0.000 0.254 2.235 2.591 0.457 0.660 1.473 1.981 5 _ REF 2.946 REF 5.080 MIN 6.350 MIN 9 LM317 Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. 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