19-0227; Rev 2; 5/96 NUAL KIT MA ATION EET H S A EVALU T WS DA FOLLO Regulated 5V Charge-Pump DC-DC Converter ____________________________Features Regulated 5V 4% Charge Pump Output Current Guaranteed over Temperature 20mA (VIN 2V) 50mA (VIN 3V) 2V to 3.6V Input Range No Inductors; Very Low EMI Noise Ultra-Small Application Circuit (0.1in2) Uses Small, Inexpensive Capacitors 500kHz Internal Oscillator Logic-Controlled 1A Max Shutdown Supply Current Shutdown Disconnects Load from Input 8-Pin DIP and SO Packages ________________________Applications Two Battery Cells to 5V Conversion _______________Ordering Information PART Local 3V-to-5V Conversion TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE MAX619CPA 0C to +70C 8 Plastic DIP MAX619CSA 0C to +70C 8 SO MAX619C/D 0C to +70C MAX619EPA -40C to +85C 8 Plastic DIP Minimum Component DC-DC Converters MAX619ESA -40C to +85C 8 SO Remote Data-Acquisition Systems MAX619MJA -55C to +125C 8 CERDIP Portable Instruments & Handy-Terminals Battery-Powered Microprocessor-Based Systems 5V Flash Memory Programmer Compact 5V Op-Amp Supply Dice* * Dice are specified at TA = +25 C. Regulated 5V Supply from Lithium Backup Battery Switching Drive Voltage for MOSFETs in Low-Voltage Systems __________________Pin Configuration __________Typical Operating Circuit TOP VIEW INPUT 2V to 3.6V 10F C1+ 1 7 SHDN MAX619 C2+ 4 DIP/SO OUTPUT 5V, 20mA MAX619 ON/OFF SHDN C1+ 6 GND 5 C2- OUT 10F 8 C1- IN 2 OUT 3 IN C2+ 0.22F 0.22F C1- GND C2- ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1 For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800 MAX619 _______________General Description The MAX619 step-up charge-pump DC-DC converter delivers a regulated 5V 4% output at 50mA over temperature. The input voltage range is 2V to 3.6V (two battery cells). The complete MAX619 circuit fits into less than 0.1in2 of board space because it requires only four external capacitors: two 0.22F flying capacitors, and 10F capacitors at the input and output. Low operating supply current (150A max) and low shutdown supply current (1A max) make this device ideal for small, portable, and battery-powered applications. When shut down, the load is disconnected from the input. The MAX619 is available in 8-pin DIP and SO packages. MAX619 Regulated 5V Charge-Pump DC-DC Converter ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS VIN to GND ............................................................-0.3V to +5.5V VOUT to GND .........................................................-0.3V to +5.5V SHDN to GND ..............................................-0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V) IOUT Continuous (Note 1)..................................................120mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) Plastic DIP (derate 9.09mW/C above +70C) ............727mW SO (derate 5.88mW/C above +70C) .........................471mW CERDIP (derate 8.00mW/C above +70C) .................640mW Operating Temperature Ranges MAX619C_ _ .......................................................0C to +70C MAX619E_ _ ....................................................-40C to +85C MAX619MJA ..................................................-55C to +125C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65C to +165C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300C Note 1: The MAX619 is not short-circuit protected. Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 2V to 3.6V, C1 = C2 = 0.22F, C3 = C4 = 10F, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) PARAMETER Input Voltage SYMBOL CONDITIONS VIN MIN TYP 2 MAX UNITS 3.6 V 5.2 V 2.0V VIN 3.6V, 0mA IOUT 20mA Output Voltage VOUT 3.0V VIN 3.6V, 0mA IOUT 50mA, MAX619C 3.0V VIN 3.6V, 0mA IOUT 45mA, MAX619E 4.8 5.0 3.0V VIN 3.6V, 0mA IOUT 40mA, MAX619M Output Ripple No-Load Supply Current VRIPPLE IIN Eff Switching Frequency SHDN Input Threshold SHDN Input Current 2 100 2V VIN 3.6V, IOUT = 0mA 2V VIN 3.6V, IOUT = 0mA, VSHDN = VIN Shutdown Supply Current Efficiency No load to full load MAX619C/E 170 A 0.02 1 A 10 MAX619M VIN = 3V, IOUT = 20mA 82 VIN = 3V, IOUT = 30mA 82 VIN = 2V, IOUT = 20mA 80 At full load % 500 VIH kHz 0.7 x VIN VIL IIH mV 75 0.4 VSHDN = VIN MAX619C/E 1 MAX619M 10 ________________________________________________________________________________________ V A Regulated 5V Charge-Pump DC-DC Converter EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT AND INPUT VOLTAGE 200 VIN = 1.8V 75 VIN = 3.3V E B 120 100 80 VIN = 3.6V 70 A B C D E F G A 60 VIN = 2.4V 40 65 VIN = 2.7V 100 C 140 VIN = 2.0V IIN (mA) EFFICIENCY (%) 80 SHDN = 0V F 160 VIN = 3.0V 1000 G D 180 20 VIN IOUT 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.6 3.3 18 36 41 64 72 94 100 MAX IIN (A) 90 85 NO-LOAD INPUT CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE INPUT CURRENT vs. OUTPUT CURRENT 1.0 1 10 IOUT (mA) 100 SHDN = VIN 0.1 0.01 1.5 0 60 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2.0 2.5 3.0 5.06 90 5.04 85 3.6V V= IN = 3.6V EFFICIENCY (%) VOUT (V) VOUT (V) IOUT = 20mA 5.02 4.95 4.90 VIN = 1.8V VIN = 2.0V 4.85 5.00 4.98 VIN = 2.4V, 2.7V VIN = 3.0V 4.80 4.96 10 100 80 75 70 65 4.94 4.75 1 4.5 IOUT = 10mA VIN = 3.3V 5.00 4.0 EFFICIENCY vs. INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT CURRENT 5.05 3.5 VIN (V) IOUT (mA) 60 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 VIN (V) IOUT (mA) LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 2ms/div TOP TRACE: OUTPUT CURRENT, 0mA to 25mA, 10mA/div BOTTOM TRACE: OUTPUT VOLTAGE, 5mV/div, AC-COUPLED 3.0 3.5 4.0 VIN (V) LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE (IOUT = 20mA) 2ms/div RLOAD = 250, VOUT = 5V, IOUT = 20mA TOP TRACE: VIN = 2V to 3V, 1V/div BOTTOM TRACE: OUTPUT VOLTAGE, 50mV/div, AC-COUPLED ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX619 __________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX619 Regulated 5V Charge-Pump DC-DC Converter _____________________Pin Description PIN NAME FUNCTION 1 C1+ Positive Terminal for C1 2 IN 3 OUT +5V Output Voltage. VOUT = 0V when in shutdown mode. 4 C2+ Positive Terminal for C2 5 C2- Negative Terminal for C2 6 GND Ground 7 SHDN Active-High CMOS Logic-Level Shutdown Input 8 C1- Input Supply Voltage Negative Terminal for C1 _______________Detailed Description Operating Principle The MAX619 provides a regulated 5V output from a 2V to 3.6V (two battery cells) input. Internal charge pumps and external capacitors generate the 5V output, eliminating the need for inductors. The output voltage is regulated to 5V 4% by a pulse-skipping controller that turns on the charge pump when the output voltage begins to droop. To maintain the greatest efficiency over the entire input voltage range, the MAX619's internal charge pump operates as a voltage doubler when VIN ranges from 3.0V to 3.6V, and as a voltage tripler when VIN ranges from 2.0V to 2.5V. When VIN ranges from 2.5V to 3.0V, 4 the MAX619 switches between doubler and tripler mode on alternating cycles, making a 2.5 x VIN charge pump. To further enhance efficiency over the input range, an internal comparator selects the higher of VIN or V OUT to run the MAX619's internal circuitry. Efficiency with VIN = 2V and IOUT = 20mA is typically 80%. Figure 1 shows a detailed block diagram of the MAX619. In tripler mode, when the S1 switches close, the S2 switches open and capacitors C1 and C2 charge up to VIN. On the second half of the cycle, C1 and C2 are connected in series between IN and OUT when the S1 switches open and the S2 switches close, as shown in Figure 1. In doubler mode, only C2 is used. During one oscillator cycle, energy is transferred from the input to the charge-pump capacitors, and then from the charge-pump capacitors to the output capacitor and load. The number of cycles within a given time frame increases as the load increases or as the input supply voltage decreases. In the limiting case, the charge pumps operate continuously, and the oscillator frequency is nominally 500kHz. Shutdown Mode The MAX619 enters low-power shutdown mode when SHDN is a logic high. SHDN is a CMOS-compatible input. In shutdown mode, the charge-pump switching action is halted, OUT is disconnected from IN, and VOUT falls to 0V. Connect SHDN to ground for normal operation. When VIN = 3.6V, VOUT typically reaches 5V in 0.5ms under no-load conditions after SHDN goes low. ________________________________________________________________________________________ Regulated 5V Charge-Pump DC-DC Converter MAX619 IN C3 10F MAX619 P IC POWER S1A C2+ * P OUT S2A C4 C2 0.22F IN S1B C2- VIN/VOUT CONTROL LOGIC S2B C1+ 10F FB SWITCH CONTROL BUS VREF S1C C1 0.22F SHDN SD S2C C1S1D GND * SWITCHES SHOWN IN TRIPLER MODE, DISCHARGE CYCLE Figure 1. Block Diagram ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX619 Regulated 5V Charge-Pump DC-DC Converter __________Applications Information Capacitor Selection Charge-Pump Capacitors C1 and C2 The values of charge-pump capacitors C1 and C2 are critical to ensure adequate output current and avoid excessive peak currents. Use values in the range of 0.22F to 1.0F. Larger capacitors (up to 50F) can be used, but larger capacitors will increase output ripple. Ceramic or tantalum capacitors are recommended. When using ceramic capacitors, the values of C3 and C4 can be reduced to 2F and 1F, respectively. If the input supply source impedance is very low, C3 may not be necessary. Many capacitors exhibit 40% to 50% variation over temperature. Compensate for capacitor temperature coefficient by selecting a larger nominal value to ensure proper operation over temperature. Table 1 lists capacitor suppliers. Input and Output Capacitors, C3 and C4 The type of input bypass capacitor (C3) and output filter capacitor (C4) used is not critical, but it does affect performance. Tantalums, ceramics, or aluminum electrolytics are suggested. For smallest size, use Sprague 595D106X0010A2 surface-mount capacitors, which measure 3.7mm x 1.8mm (0.146in x 0.072in). For lowest ripple, use large, low effective-series-resistance (ESR) ceramic or tantalum capacitors. For lowest cost, use aluminum electrolytic or tantalum capacitors. Figure 2 shows the component values for proper operation using minimal board space. The input bypass capacitor (C3) and output filter capacitor (C4) should both be at least 10F when using aluminum electrolytics or Sprague's miniature 595D series of tantalum chip capacitors. 1 C2 0.22F 8 2 6 2 CELLS 4 C2+ C1+ MAX619 C1- IN GND 5 C2- 7 SHDN OUT C1 0.22F 3 C3 10F 5V 4% @ 20mA C4 10F Figure 2. Two-Cell to 5V Application Circuit Table 1. Capacitor Suppliers SUPPLIER Murata Erie Sprague Electric (smallest size) PHONE NUMBER (814) 237-1431 (603) 224-1961 (207) 327-4140 FAX NUMBER (814) 238-0490 (603) 224-1430 (207) 324-7223 CAPACITOR CAPACITOR TYPE* GRM42-6Z5U10M50 0.1F ceramic (SM) GRM42-6Z5U22M50 0.22F ceramic (SM) RPI123Z5U105M50V 1.0F ceramic (TH) RPE121Z5U104M50V 0.1F ceramic (TH) 595D106X0010A2 10F tantalum (SM) * Note: (SM) denotes surface-mount component, (TH) denotes through-hole component. 6 ________________________________________________________________________________________ Regulated 5V Charge-Pump DC-DC Converter ___________________Chip Topography Paralleling Devices Two MAX619s can be placed in parallel to increase output drive capability. The IN, OUT, and GND pins can be paralleled, but C1 and C2 pins cannot. The input bypass capacitor and output filter capacitor are, to some extent, shared when two circuits are paralleled. If the circuits are physically close together, it may be possible to use a single bypass and a single output capacitor, each with twice the value of the single circuit. If the MAX619s cannot be placed close together, use separate bypass and output capacitors. The amount of output ripple observed will determine whether single input bypass and output filter capacitors can be used. C1+ C1- SHDN IN 0.115" (2.921mm) OUT GND C2+ C20.072" (1.828mm) TRANSISTOR COUNT: 599; SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO GND. MAX619 OUT IN GND INPUT 5V, 40mA MAX619 OUT IN GND Figure 3. Paralleling Two MAX619s ________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX619 Layout Considerations The MAX619's high oscillator frequency makes good layout important. A good layout ensures stability and helps maintain the output voltage under heavy loads. For best performance, use very short connections to the capacitors.